Electrolytes Supplementation through Drinking Water to Revive Broiler Production during Tropical Summer Stresses Management

Subject Areas : Camel

S.A. Belal ¹ (Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh)
A.S.M. Mahbub ² (Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh)
A. Ara ³ (Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh)
M.N. Uddin ⁴ (Department of Animal Nutrition and Livestock Management, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh)
F.M.A. Hossain ⁵ (Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh)

Received: 2012-04-02 Accepted : 2012-07-06 Published : 2013-06-01

Keywords: broiler management, broiler production, electrolytes, summer stress,

Abstract :

This experiment was carried out for a period of 4 weeks with 240 day old straight- run broiler (Cobb-500) chicks to investigate the effects of administering electrolytes in drinking water on the productive performance (live weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and water consumption) and to determine the economic impact of using electrolytes. The chicks were randomly distributed into three different treatments: control (without electrolyte supplementation), continually supplemented electrolyte group and intermittently supplemented electrolyte group (when temperature rose to 30 ˚C or above). Statistically significant (P<0.001) differences in body weight and body weight gain were observed among treatments with the highest final body weight and body weight gain in birds that received electrolytes. Analysis of performance data showed significant difference in feed conversion (P<0.05) and also in water consumption (P<0.01). Birds of continuously supplemented electrolyte group and intermittently supplemented electrolyte groups showed significant improvement in feed conversion. Economic returns tended to be higher (P<0.05) in the continuously electrolyte supplemented group. Data suggest that both continuous and intermittent supplementations of electrolyte during summer improve the feed conversion in broilers. Thus electrolytes may be supplied to broilers during summer but additional feeding trial would be helpful to fully evaluate the impact of additional electrolytes.

References:

Ahmed T. and Sarwar M. (2006). Dietary electrolyte balance: implications in heat stressed broilers. World's Poult. Sci. J. 32(4), 638-653.
Ahmad T., Sarwar M. and Un-Nisa M., Ul-Haq A. and Ul-Hasa Z. (2005). Influence of varying sources of dietary electrolytes on the performance of broilers reared in a high temperature environment. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 20, 277-298.
Ait-Boulahsen A., Garlich T. and Edens W. (1995). Potassium chloride improves the thermo-tolerance of chicken exposed to acute heat-stress. Poult. Sci. 47, 75-87.
Arjona A.A., Denbow D.M. and Weaver W.D. (1988). Effect of heat stress early in life on mortality of broilers exposed to high environmental temperature just prior to marketing. Poult. Sci. 67, 226-236.
Belay T. and Teeter R.G. (1993). Broiler water balance and thermo-balance during thermo neutral and high ambient temperature exposure. Poult. Sci. 72, 116-124.
Berong S.L. and Washburn K.W. (1998). Effects of genetic variation on total plasma protein, body weight gains and body temperature responses to heat stress. Poult. Sci. 77, 379-385.
Bohern B.B., Rogler J.C. and Carson J.R. (1982). Surivial under heat stress of lines selected for fast slow growth at two temperatures. Poult. Sci. 61,1804-1808.
Borges S.A. (1997). Suplementacao de cloreto de potassio e bicarbonato de sodio para frangos de corte durante o verao. Dissertacao Universidade Estadual Paulista. Jaboticabal, Brazil.
Borges S.A. (2001). Balanco electrolitico e sua interrelacao com o equilitrio acidobase em frangos de corte submetidos a estress calorico, Jaboticabal. Tese (Doutorado em zootecnia) Curse de Posgraduacao em Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista.
Borges S.A., Silva A.V.F., Ariki J., Hooge D.M. and Cummings K.R. (2003). Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens under moderately high ambient temperatures and relrtive humidities. Poult. Sci. 82, 301-308.
Borges S.A., Silva A.V.F., Malorka A., Hooge D.M. and Cummings K.R. (2004). Effects of diet and cyclic daily heat stress on electrolyte, nitrogen and water intake, excretion and retention by Colostomized male broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 3, 313-321.
Borges S.A., Fischer Da Silva A.V., Meira A.D.A., Moura T., Maiorka A. and Ostrensky A. (2004). Electrolyte balance in broiler growing diets. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 3, 623-628.
Branton S.L., Reece F.N. and Deaton J.W. (1985). Use of ammonium chloride and Sodium bicarbonate in acute heat exposure of broilers. Poult. Sci. 65, 1659-1663.
Cahaner A., Pinchasov Y., Nir I. and Litzan Z. (1995). Effects of dietary protein under high ambient temperature on body weight gain, breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of broiler stocking differing in growth rate and fatness. Poult. Sci. 74, 968-975.
Charles D.R., Scragg R., Binstead J. and Groom C. (1978). Ventilation rate, stocking density and temperature for broilers. Gleadthrope Poultry Booklet. MAFF, London. Pp. 10-28.
Cohen I. and Hurwitz S. (1974). The response of blood ionic constituents and acid-base balance to dietary sodium, potassium and chloride in laying fowl. Poult. Sci. 53,378-383.
Deyhim F. and Teeter R. (1992). Sodium and potassium chloride drinking water supplementation affects an acid-base balance and plasma corticosterone in distressed environments.”Poult. Sci. 70, 255-2553.
Fixter M., Balnave D. and Johnson R.J. (1987). The influence of dietary electrolyte balance broiler growth at high temperatures. Pp. 34-48 in Proc. Found. Symp. Univ. of Sydney, Australia.
Flemming J.S., Arruda J.S., Souza G.A., Fedalta L.M., France S.G., Fleming R., Almeida R. and Peron I. (2001). Influence of dietary electrolyte balance on the performance traits of broilers. Arch. Vet. Sci. 6, 89-96.
Fox T.W. (1980). The effects of thiouracil and thyroxine on resistance to heat shock. Poult. Sci. 59, 2391-2393.
Geraert P.A., Gulillanumin S. and Leclerage B. (1993). Are generically lean broilers more resistant to hot climate? British Poult. Sci. 34, 643-658.
Howlider M.A.R. and Rose S.P. (1987). Temperature and the growth of broilers. World's Poult. Sci. J. 43, 228-237.
Hurwitz S., Cohen I. and Bar A. (1973). Sodium and chloride requirements of chick: relationship to acidbase balance. Poult. Sci. 52, 903-909.
Murakami A.E., Rondor E.O.O., Martins E.N., Pereira M.S. and
Scapinello C. (2001). Sodium and cholrine requirements of growing broiler chickens (twenty one to forty teo days of age) fed corn – soybean diets. Poult. Sci. 80, 289-294.
Mushtaq T., Sarwar M., Nawaz H., Mirza M.A. and Ahmad T. (2005). Effect and interactions of sodium and chloride on broiler starter performance (one-to-twenty- eight days) under subtropical summer condition. Poult. Sci. 84, 1716-1722.
Nessa K. (2008). Effect of electrolytes in drinking water on the performance of broilers during summer. MS Thesis. Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.
Rondon E.O.O., Murakami A.E., Furlan A.C., Moreira I. and Macari M. (2001). Sodium and chloride requirements of growing broiler chickens fed corn-soybean diets (one to twenty-one days of age). Poult. Sci. 80, 592-598.
Rondor E.O.O., Murakami A.E. and Furlan A.C. (2000). Exigencies nutricionais de sodio a cloro a estimative do melhor balango electrolitico da ragao frangos de corte na fase perinicial (17 dias xde idade). Revis. Bras. Zootec. 29, 1162-1166.
SAS Institute. (1986). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 6.11. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
Smith M. and Teeter R. (1987). Potassium balance of the 5 to 8 week old broiler exposed to constant heat or cycling high temperature stress and the effects of supplemental potassium chloride on body weight gain and feed efficiency.Poult. Sci. 66, 487-492.
Teeter R.G. and Smith M.O. (1986). High chronic ambient temperature stress effects on broiler acid base balance and their response to supplemental ammonium chloride, potassium chloride and potassium carbonate. Poult. Sci. 65, 77-81.
Teeter R.G., Smith M.O. and Owens F.N. (2000). Chronic heat stress and respiratory alkalosis: occurrence and treatment in broiler chicks. Pp. 160-169 in Proc. Georgia Nutr. Conf. for the Feed Indus. Univ. Georgia, Atlanta.
Vieites F.M., Moraes G.H.K., Albino L.F.T., Rostagno H.S., Donzele J.L., Vargan Junior J.G. and Atencio A. (2004). Electrolyte balance and Crude protein levels on the performance of broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age. Revis. Bras. Zootec. 33(2), 2076-2085.
Yousef M.K. (1985). Stress Physiology in Livestock. CRC Press, Inc. USA.