Ruminant Livestock and Greenhouse‐Gases (A Nutritionist Perspective)

Subject Areas : Camel

S.B.  Abdu ¹ (Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)
O.W.  Ehoche ² (National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria)
A.M.  Adamu ³ (National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria)
M.R.  Hassan ⁴ (Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)
S.M.  Yashim ⁵ (Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)
H.Y.  Adamu ⁶ (Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)
M.  Kabir ⁷ (Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria)

Received: 2011-05-14 Accepted : 2011-07-21 Published : 2012-09-01

Keywords: manure, tannin, Ruminant, browse plants, Greenhouse gas,

Abstract :

Greenhouse gases have been of serious global concern to environmentalists. Enteric ruminal fermentation and manure are seen to be responsible for global warming. Based on a better understanding of positive tan-nin effects on ruminant nutrition, the feeding value of browse trees and shrubs containing tannin, their roles on methanogenic rumen microbes in overcoming the production of enteric fermentation gases and the methods of efficient manure handling are presented in this review.

References:

Ahn J.H., Elliot R. and Norton B.W. (1997). Oven drying moves the nutritional value of Calliandra calothyrsuus and Gliricidia septum as supplement for sheep given low quality straws. J. Sci. Food Agric. 75, 503-510.
De Gryze S., Albrarracin M.V., Catalá-Luque R., Howitt R.E. and Six J. (20090. Modeling shows that alternativesoil management can decrease greenhouse-gases. Calif.Agric. 63(2), 84-90.
Devendra C. (1988). Forage supplements: nutritional significance and utilization for draught, meat and milk production in buffaloes. Indian Council. Agric. Res. 2, 409-423.
Devendra C. (1990). The use of shrubs and tree fodders by ruminants. In: Shrubs and Tree Fodders for Farm Animals. C. Devendra Ed. Proceedings of a Workshop, 24-29 July (1989). Denpasar, Indonesia. InternationalDevelopmentResearchCenter, Ottawa, Canada.
D'Mello J.P.F. (1992). Nutritional potentialities of fodder trees and shrubs as protein sources in Monogastric nutrition. Pp. 115-127 inLegumes Trees and Other Fodder, Speedy A. and Pugliese P.L. Eds. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
Hess H.D., Kreuzer M., Diaz T.E., Lascano C.E., Carulla J.E., Soliva C.R. and Machmuller A. (2003). Saponin rich tropical fruita affect fermentation and methanogenesis in faunated and defaunated rumen fluid. J. Biol. Sci. 109, 79-94.
Hoskin S.O., Wilson P.R., Barry T.N., CharlestonW.A.G. and Waghorn G.C. (2000). Effect of forage legumes containing condensed tannins on lungworm (Dictyocaulus sp.) and gastrointestinal parasitism in young red deer(Cervus elaphus). Res. Vet. Sci. 68, 223-230.
IPCC, International Panel on Climatic Change. (2007). The Physical Science Basis Group I P. 96. Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. CambridgeUKand New YorkNYCamb. Univ. press.
Kaitho R.J., Umunna N.N., Nsahlai T.V., Taminga S. and Bmchem J. (1998). Utilization of browse supplement with varying tannin levels by Ethiopian Menz sheep I. Intake, digestibility and live weight changes. Agroforest. Syst. 39, 145-159.
McMahon L.R., Majak W., McAllister T.A., Hall J.W., Jones G.A., Popp J.D. and Cheng K.J. (1999). Effect of sainfoin on in vitro digestion of fresh alfalfa and bloat in steers. Can.J. Anim. Sci.79, 203-212.
Mitlochner F.M., Sun H. and Karlik J.F. (2009). Direct measurements improve estimation of dairy greenhouse-gases emission. Calif.Agric. 63(2), 79-83.
Niezen J.H., Waghorn G.C., Graham T., Carter J.L. and Leathwick D.M. (2002). The effect of diet fed to lambs on subsequent development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae in vitro and on pasture. Vet. Parasit. 105, 269-283.
Onwuka C.F.I., Akinsoyinu A.O. and Tewe O.O. (1989). Feed value of some Nigerian browse plants: chemical composition and "in vitro" digestibility of leaves. East Afr. Agric. and Forestry J. 54(3), 157-163.
Patra A.K., Kamra D.N. and Agarwal N. (2006a). Effect of plants containing secondary metabolites on in vitro methanogenesis, enzyme profile and fermentation of feed with rumen liquor of buffalo. Anim. Nutr. Feed. Technol. 6, 203-213.
Patra A.K., Kamra D.N. and Agarwal N. (2006b). Effect of spices on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and protozoa counts in in vitro gas production test. Int. Cong. Series. 1293, 176-179.
Platteplace H.W., Johnson J.M. and Freney J.R. (2001). Greenhouse-gas emission from simulated beef and dairy livestock system in the UnitedState. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 60, 99-102.
Puchala R., Min B.R., Goetsch A.L. and Sahlu T. (2005). The effect of a condensed tannin-forage on methane emission by goats. J. Anim. Sci. 83, 182-186
USDA, USDepartment of Agriculture. (2004). US Agriculture and Forestry Greenhouse-gas Inventory 1990-2001. Global Change Program Office, Office of the Chief Economist. Tech. Bull. N0 1907.
Waghorn G.C., Tavendale M.H. and Woodfield D.R. (2002). Methanogenesis in forages fed to sheep. In Proc. New Zealand Grassland Association Sixty-fourth Conference, West Coast, New Zealand, 5-7 November. 64, 167-171.
Wang Y., Douglas G.B., Waghorn G.C., Barry T.N. and Foote A.G. (1996). Effect of condensed tannins in Lotus corniculatus upon lactation performance in ewes. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb).126, 353-362.