Association of Birth Type and Pregnancy Type with Lactation Performance and Lactation Curve in Holstein Dairy Cows in Iran
Subject Areas : Camelه. آتشی 1 , م. دادپسند 2 , م.ج. ضمیری 3 , ا. اسعدی 4
1 - بخش علوم دامی-دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه شیراز
2 - Department of Animal Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
4 - Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Keywords: lactation curve, Holstein cow, twining, incomplete gamma function,
Abstract :
The association of birth type (single vs. double) and pregnancy type (single vs. double) with lactation performance and lactation curve was investigated in Holstein cows in Iran. Data of 243298 lactations on 138021 cows in 261 herds collected during January 2000 to December 2012 were used. The average twinning rate was 3.64% and ranged from 1.44% (primiparous) to 5.41% (multiparous). Factors associated with twining were calving season, calving year, herd, and parity. The rate of twinning increased from 2.49% in 2000 to 3.42% in 2012. The probability of twinning was higher in multiparous cows than that in primiparous [Odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI))= 3.64 (3.44-3.84) for multiparous vs. primiparous cows]. The probability of twin pregnancy was higher in cows previously delivering twins than that in those delivering singles [OR (95% CI)= 3.17 (3.02-3.34) for cows delivering twins vs. cows delivering singles]. The lactation curve for cows delivering singles in previous gestation and pregnant with twins in subsequent gestation tended to be lower and flatter. The incidence of twin pregnancy was increased as the cow reached its peak yield earlier, and produced more milk at peak lactation. Primiparous cows delivering singletons in their previous gestation and having twins in their subsequent gestation produced more 100-d, 200-d and 305-d milk than those pregnant with singletons. Multiparous cows that delivered singleton in previous gestation and were pregnant with twin in the subsequent gestation, produced more milk during the first 100-d and 200-d of lactation than those pregnant with singles.
Atashi H., Zamiri M.J. and Dadpasand M. (2013). Association between dry period length and lactation performance, lactation curve, calf birth weight, and dystocia in Holstein dairy cows in Iran. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 3632-3638.
Atashi H., Zamiri M.J., Sayyadnejad M.B. and Akhlaghi A. (2012). Trends in the reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows in Iran. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 44, 2001-2006.
Bell M.J. and Roberts D.J. (2007). Effect of twinning on the feed intake, performance and health of dairy cows. Livest. Sci. 107, 274-281.
Fricke P.M. and Wiltbank M.C. (1999). Effect of milk production on the incidence of double ovulation in dairy cows. Theriogenology. 52, 1133-1143.
ICAR (International Committee for Animal Recording). (2011). Standards and guidelines for recording milk and milk constituents. Section 2.1, Pp. 23-56, in ICAR Rules. Guidelines approved by the General Assembly held in Riga, Riga, Latvia.
Kaygisiz A. (1999). The features of lactation curves of Yellow and White cattle. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 23, 15-23.
Keown J.F., Everett R.W., Empet N.B. and Wadell L.H. (1986). Lactation curves. J. Dairy Sci. 69, 769-781.
Kinsel M.L., Marsh W.E., Ruegg P.L. and Etherington W.G. (1998). Risk factors for twinning in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81, 989-993.
Lopez H., Caraviello D.Z., Satter L.D., Fricke P.M. and Wiltbank M.C. (2005). Relationship between level of milk production and multiple ovulations in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 2783-2793.
Macciotta N.P.P., Dimauro C., Catillo G., Coletta A. and Cappio-Borlino A. (2006). Factors affecting individual lactation curve shape in Italian river buffaloes. Livest. Sci. 104, 33-37.
Nielen M., Schukken Y.H., Scholl D.T., Wilbrink H.J. and Brand A. (1989). Twinning in dairy cattle: A study of risk factors and effects. Theriogenology. 32, 845-862.
Rao M.K. and Sundaresan D. (1979). Influence of environment and heredity on the shape of lactation curves in Sahiwal cows. J. Agric. Sci. 92, 393-401.
Rekik B., Ben Gara A., Ben Hamouda M. and Hammami H. (2003). Fitting lactation curves of dairy cattle in different types of herds in Tunisia. Livest. Prod. Sci. 83, 309-315.
Ron M., Ezra E. and Weller J.I. (1990). Genetic analysis of twinning rate in Israeli Holstein cattle. Genet. Sel. Evol. 22, 349-359.
SAS Institute. (1999). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 8. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Shanks R.D., Berger P.J., Freeman A.E. and Dickinson F.N. (1981). Genetic aspects of lactation curves. J. Dairy Sci. 64, 1852-1860.
Silva del Rio N., Stewart S., Rapnicki P., Chang Y.M. and Fricke P.M. (2007). An observational analysis of twin births, calf sex ratio, and calf mortality in Holstein dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 1255-1264.
Syrstad O. (1974). Genetic aspects of twinning in dairy cattle. Acta Agric. Scand. 24, 319-322.
Tekerli M., Akinci Z., Dogan I. and Akcan A. (2000). Factors affecting the shape of lactation curves of Holstein cows from the Balikesir province of Turkey. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 1381-1386.
Wiltbank M.C., Fricke P.M., Sangsritavong S., Sartori R.B. and Ginther O.J. (2000). Mechanisms that prevent and produce double ovulations in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83, 2998-3007.
Wood P.D.P. (1967). Algebraic model of the lactation curve in cattle. Nature. 216, 164-165.
Yılmaz I. and Kaygısız A. (2000). Lactation curve traits of Holstein cattle’s. Ankara Ün. Zir. Fak. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 6(4), 1-10.