Effect of Genetic Group, Season, Their Interaction, Temperature, Humidity and Temperature-Humidity Index on Maintenance Behavior of Stud Bulls
Subject Areas : Camelت. کوماری 1 , اس. پان 2 , ر.ک. چودهاری 3
1 - Department of Livestock Production Management, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Science, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal, India
2 - Department of Livestock Production Management, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Science, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal, India
3 - Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Science, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal, India
Keywords: Season, genetic group, maintenance behavior, stud bulls,
Abstract :
Stud bull plays an important role in the development of animal husbandry. Detailed knowledge about maintenance behavior of stud bulls is essential for practicing better management conditions in the farm to support the artificial insemination (AI) industry demand. Therefore, a comparative study was conducted on stud bulls to evaluate the effect of genetic group, season, genetic group × season interaction, temperature, humidity and temperature humidity index (THI) on maintenance behavior. Twenty five stud bulls (five bulls each from five different genetic groups) in two seasons (i.e. winter and summer) maintained at the Frozen Semen Bull Station, Nadia, Haringhata (West Bengal), India were selected for the study. There was a significant effect of genetic group on eating (P<0.05), sitting (P<0.01), lying (P<0.01) and sleeping time (P<0.01), season on rumination (P<0.05) and sitting time (P<0.01), genetic group × season interaction on lying (P<0.01) and sleeping time (P<0.01), air temperature on drinking (P<0.05) and sleeping time (P<0.05), humidity on eating (P<0.01), rumination (P<0.01), sitting (P<0.01) and lying time (P<0.01) and THI on eating (P<0.05) and drinking time (P<0.05). There was no effect of genetic group, season, genetic group × season interaction, temperature, humidity and temperature humidity index on standing time. Different genetic groups responded differently in expression of different subcomponents of maintenance behavior in two seasons.
Acatincai S., Gavojdian D., Stanciu G., Cziszter T., Tripon I. and Baul S. (2010). Study regarding rumination behavior in cattle–position adopted by cows during rumination process. Anim.Sci.Biotechnol. 43(2), 199-202.
Andersson M., Schaar J. and Wiktorsson H. (1984). Effects of drinking water flow rates and social rank on performance and drinking behaviour of tied-up dairy cows. Livest. Prod. Sci. 11, 599-610.
Apple by M.C. and Hughes B.O. (1997). Animal Welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
Baumont R., Doreau M., Ingrand S. and Veissier I. (2006). Feeding and mastication behaviour in ruminants. Pp. 84-107 in Feeding in Domestic Vertebrates: From Structure to Behaviour. V. Bels, Ed. Cabi International, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
Broom D.M. (1996). Animal welfare defined in terms of attempts to cope with the environment. Acta Agric. Scandinavica. A. Anim. Sci. 27, 22-28.
Broucek J., Uhrincat M. and Hanus A. (2012). Effects of stage of pregnancy and lactation on maintenance behaviour of dairy cows after housing change. Slovak J. Anim. Sci. 45(2), 48-52.
Fraser A.F. and Broom D.M. (2002). Farm Animal Behavior and Welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
Fraser A. F. and Broom D.M. (1990). Farm Animal Behaviour and Welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
Gonyou W.H. and Stricklin W.R. (1981). Eating behavior of beef cattle groups fed from a single stall or trough. Appl. Anim. Ethol. 7, 123-133.
Hansen P.J. (2004). Physiological and cellular adaptations of zebu cattle to thermal stress. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 82(7), 349-360.
Harvey W. (1975). Least-Squares Analysis of Data with Unequal sub-Class Numbers. USDA report, ARS H-4.
Hasegawa N. and Hidari H. (2001). Relationships among behavior, physiological states and body weight gain in grazing Holstein heifers. Asian-Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 14(6), 803-810.
Holter J.B. and Urban W.E. (1992). Water partitioning and intake prediction in dry and lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75(6), 1472-1479.
Iraola J., Munoz E., Garcia Y., Hernandez J.L., Tuero O J.L. and Moreira E. (2013). Feeding behavior of male cattle under restricted grazing, supplemented with distiller maize grains during the dry period.Cuban J. Agric. Sci. 47(3), 255-260.
Jana D.N., Pandey R.N., SrivastavaB.B., Pandey R.S. and Nautiyal L.P. (1988).Daily behavior pattern of crossbred cows. Pp. 81 in Proc. 4th Ann. Conf. Makhdoom, India.
Kilgour R. and Dalto C. (1984). Livestock Behaviour a Practical Guide. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
Lindstrom T., Redbo I. and Uvnas-Moberg K. (2001). Plasma oxytocin and cortisol concentrations in dairy cows in relation to feeding duration and rumen fill. Physiol. Behav. 72, 73-81.
Mialon M.M., Martin C., Garcia F., Menassol J.B., Dubroeucq H. Veissier I. and Micol D. (2008). Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio of the diet on feeding behavior in young Blond d’Aquitaine bulls. Animal. 2, 1682-1691.
Mitlohner F.M., Morrow-Tesch J.L., Wilson S.C., Dailey J.W. and McGlone J.J. (2001). Behavioral sampling techniques for feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 79, 1189-1193.
Mounaix B., Boivin X., Brule A. and Schmitt T. (2007). Cattle behaviour and the human – animal relationship, variation factors and consequences in breeding. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 64, 53-61.
Murphy M.R., Davis C.L. and McCoy G.C. (1983). Factors affecting water consumption by Holstein cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 66(1), 35-38.
NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Odyuo L.T., Jana D.N. and Das N. (1995). Maintenance behavior of Murrah buffalo under an intensive management system. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 45, 293-299.
Rusev N. and Ignatov A. (1989). Behavior of dairy cows housed in open front building with free stalls during the different seasons. II. Behavior of pregnant cows in second half of lactation. Zhiv. Nauk. 26, 28-33.
Schake L.M. and Riggs J.K. (1969). Activities of lactating beef cows in confinement. J. Anim. Sci. 28, 568-572.
Shahhosseini Y. (2013). Cattle behaviour, appearance of behaviour in wild and confinement. MS Thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Sweden.
Singh M.P., Karki D.B., Mehla O.P. and Sastry N.S.R. (1985). Behavioral patterns of growing buffalo heifers under three different housing conditions. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 38, 289-294.
Snedecor G.W. and Cochran W.G. (1967). Statistical Methods. Iowa State University Press, Iowa, US.
Steel R.G.D., Torrie J.H. and Dickie D.A. (1997). Principles and Procedures of Statistics - a Biometric Approach. McGraw-Hill Book Publishing Company, Toronto, Canada.
Strmenova A., Juhas P. and Broucek J. ( 2013). Effects of fattening bulls regrouping on their maintenance and abnormal behavior. Slovak J. Anim. Sci. 46(2), 75-80.
Thind J.S. and Gill R.S. (1986). Ingestive behavior of lactating buffaloes kept under loose housing system. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 39, 41-46.
Yadav J.L. and Gupta L.R. (1985). Effect of housing and feeding system on the physiological reaction and behavior of Milch buffaloes during rainy season. Asian J. Dairy Res. 4, 233-236.