Influence of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) Leaf Powder on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Blood Parameters in Broiler Chickens

Subject Areas : Camel

M. Tajodini ¹ ( Department of Animal Physiology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran )
F. Samadi ² ( Department of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran )
S. Hasani ³ ( Department of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran )
S.R. Hashemi ⁴ ( Department of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran )
S. Samadi ⁵ ( Department of Horticulture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran )

Received: 2014-02-11 Accepted : 2014-07-15 Published : 2015-03-01

Keywords: broiler chicken, carcass traits, artichoke, blood parameters, H:L,

Abstract :

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary artichoke supplementation on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 300, one day old broiler chicks (Ross-308) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments including: basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with 1.5 or 3 percent of Artichoke powder and also with 300 mg/kg diet vitamin E. Each diet was offered to 5 replicates of 15 birds each for 42 days. Supplementation of 3 percent artichoke powder significantly (P<0.05) decreased body weight compared to control. A higher (P<0.05) feed intake was observed in group fed 1.5 percent artichoke powder resulted in higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to control. The blood plasma concentrations of total protein and globulin were lower (P<0.05) in 1.5 percent artichoke treated group and higher (P<0.05) in control groupon the 21st day of trial. The blood plasma albumin concentration remained non significant throughout the experiment. However, the blood plasma total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations remained non significant between experimental groups on the 42nd day of trial. Significant differences in heterophil and lymphocytes percentage and H:L ratio were observed between dietary treatments at 28 days of age, showing that the birds fed a diet supplemented with artichoke powder had higher heterophil and lower lymphocytes percentage and consequently a higher H:L ratio than control. Artichoke supplemented birds showed significantly (P<0.05) lower breast and thigh weight. Pancreases weight was higher and lower in 1.5 percent artichoke and 300 mg vitamin E treated groups, respectively. The weight of heart, abdominal fat, gizzard and proventriculus were non significant between dietary treatments. In general, this study revealed that artichoke powder as natural antioxidant may have beneficial effects on chicken growth performance and carcass traits, but further research is needed.

References:

Abdo M.A., Radwan N.L. and Selim N.A. (2007). The effect of artichoke leaves meal on the utilization of dietary energy for broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 12, 973-982.
Abu-Dieyeh Z.H.M.and Abu-Darwish M.S. (2008). Effect of feeding powdered black curnin seeds (Nigella sativa) on growth performance of 4-8 week old broilers. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 3, 286-290.
Alcicek A., Bozkurt M. and Cabuk M. (2003). The effects of an essential oil combination derived from selected herbs growing wild in Turkey on broiler performance. South African J. Anim. Sci. 33, 89-94.
Al-SultanS.I. (2003). The effect of curcuma longa (turmeric) on overall performance of broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 2, 345-53.
Bampidis V.A., Christodoulou V., Florou-Paneri P., Christaki E., Chatzopoulou P.S., Tsiligianni T. and Spais A.B. (2005). Effect of dietary dried oregano leaves on growth performance, carcase characteristics and serum cholesterol of female early maturing turkeys. Br. Poult. Sci. 46, 595-601.
Bonomi A. (2001). Dehydrated artichoke leaves in feed for small species. Informator-Agrario. 57, 41-43.
Cardoso V.S., Lima C.A., Freire M.E., Dorneles L.E. and Danelli M.G. (2012). Piperine as a phytogenic additive in broiler diet. Poult. Sci. 47, 147-153.
Constantinescue D.G., Planton F. and Pavel M. (1967). Ingredients of the leaves of Romanian acclimatized Cynara scolymus. Die. Pharmazie. 22, 176-178.
Crespo N. and Esteve-Garcia E. (2001). Dietary fatty acid profile modifies abdominal fat deposition in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 80, 71-78.
Cross D., Mcdevit R., Hilman K. and Acamovic T. (2007). The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. Br. Poult. Sci. 48, 496-506.
Cross D.E., Acamovic T., Deans S.G. and Medevitt R.M. (2002). The effect of dietry inclusion herbs and their volatile oils on the performance of growing chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 43, 33-35.
Debersac P., Vernevaut M.F., Amiot M.J., Suschetet M. and Siess M.H. (2001). Effects of water-soluble extract of rosemary and its purified component rosmarinic acid on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Food Chem. Toxicol. 29, 109-117.
Dora A., Roth-Maier B., Bohmer M. and Brigitte R. (2008). Efficiency of Echinacea purpurea on Performance of Broilers and Layers. Fachbereich, Tierernahrung, TU Munchen, Freising Weihenstephan Germany. Instit. Fur. Tierhaltung und Tierschutz, Kitzingen, Germany.
El-Sayaad G.A.E., El-Mahdy M.R. and Soliman A.S. (1995). Artichoke bracts as a food processing waste product in growing rabbit diets. Egyptian J. Rabbit Sci. 5, 125-133.
Emadi M. and Kermanshahi H. (2006). Effect of turmeric rhizome powder on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5, 1069-1072.
Fallah R., Kiani A. and Azarfar A. (2013). Effect of artichoke leaves meal and menthe extract (Mentha piperita) on immune cells and blood biochemical parameters of broilers. Glob. Vet. 10, 99-102.
Galib A.M., Al-Kassie A.M. and Saba J. (2011). Use of black pepper (piper nigrum) as feed additive in broiler diet. Res. Anim. Vet. Sci. 1, 169-173.
Gebhart R. (1997). Antioxidative and protective properties of extracts from leaves of the artichoke (Cynara scolymus) against hydroperoxide- induced oxidative stress in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 144(2), 279-86.
Genedy Salwa G. and Zeweil H.S. (2003). Evaluation of using medicinal plants as feed additives in growing Japanese quail diets. Pp. 286-290 in Proc. The 68^th Scientific Conf. Polish Anim. Prod. Soci., Krakov, Poland. 
Gross W.B. and Sieghel H.S. (1983). Evaluation of the heterophil / lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in chickens. Avain Dis. 27, 972-979.
Gul M.A., Alcicek A. and Tumer S. (2001). Research on silage possibility and feeding value of artichoke stalks with leaves. Anadolu. 11, 20-32.
Hassan I.I., Askar A.A. and El-Shourbagy G.A. (2004). Influence of some medicinal plant on performance, physiological and meat quality traits of broiler chicks. Egyptian Poult. Sci. 24, 247-266.
Hernandez F., Madrid J., Garcia V., Orengo J. and Megias M.D. (2004). Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance, digestibility, and digestive organ size. Poult. Sci. 83, 169-174.
Ibrahim K.A., Mahmoud A., Faten S. and Elhalim H. (2005). Comparison of the efficacies of commercial probiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics and some plasma constituents of broiler chicks. Suez Canal Vet. Med. J. 8, 1-18.
Javandel F., Navidshad B., Seifavati J., Pourrahimi G.H. and Baniyaghoub S. (2008). The favorite dosage of garlic meal as a feed additive in broiler chickens ratios. Pakistan J. Boil. Sci. 11, 1746-1749.
Jimene-Escrig A., Dragsted L.O., Daneshvar B. and Saura F. (2003). In vitro antioxidant activities of edible artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) and effect on biomarkers of antioxidant in rats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51, 5540-5545.
Joy J.F. and Haber S.L. (2007). Clinical uses of artichoke leaf extract. Am. J. Health Sys. Pharmacol. 64, 1906-1909.
Lavinia S., Gabi D., Drinceanu D., Stef D., Daniela M., Julean C., Ramona T. and Corcionivoschi N. (2009). The effect of medicinal plants and plant extracted oils on broiler duodenum morphology and immunological profile. Rom. Biotech. Lett. 14, 4606-4614.
Lee K.W., Everts H., Kappert H.J., Frehner M., Losa R. and Beynen A.C. (2003). Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzyme and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 44, 450-457.
Lee K.W., Everts H., Kappert H.J. and Beynen A.C. (2004). Growth performance of broiler chickens fed a carboxymethyl cellulose containing diet with supplemental carvacrol and / or cinnamaldehyde. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 3, 619-622.
Liorach R., Espin J.C., Tomas F.A. and Ferreres F. (2002). Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) by products as a potential source of health promoting antioxidant phenolics. J. Agric.  Food Chem. 50, 3458-3464.
Mahdavi S., Mehmannavaz Y., Nobakht A. and Zakeri A. (2013). The effects of different amounts of Mentha pulegium on immune system performance of broiler chickens. Int. Res. J. Appl. Sci. 4, 381-384.
Mansoub N.H. (2011). Comparison of using different level of black pepper with probiotic on performance and serum composition of broiler chickens. J. Bas. Appl. Sci. Res. 1, 2425-2428.
Nobakht A., Noorani J. and Safamehr A. (2011). The effects of different amounts of Mentha pulegium on performance, carcass traits, hematological and blood biochemical parameters of broilers. J. Med. Plant. 5, 3763-3768.
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9^th Ed. National Academy, Washington, DC.
Ocak N., Erener F., Burak A.K., Sunga M., Altop A. and Ozmen A. (2008). Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with dry peppermint (Mentha piperita) or thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves as growth promoter source. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 53, 169-175.
Robertson G.W. and Maxwell M.H. (1990). Modified staining techniques for avian blood cells. Br. Poult. Sci. 31, 881-886.
Samarasinghe K., Wenk C., Silva K.F.S.T. and Gunasekara J.M.D.M. (2003). Turmeric (curcuma longa) root powder and mannanoligoccharides as alternatives to antibiotics in broiler chicken diet. Asian-australas J. Anim. Sci. 16, 1459-1500.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. Version 9. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
Shin D.H., Lee J.Y., Hwang K.Y., Kim K.K. and Suh S.W. (1995). High-resolution crystal structure of the non-specific lipid transfer protein from maize seedlings. 3, 189-199.
Tierra M. (2007). Echinacea: an effective alternative to antibiotics. J. Herb Pharmacol. 7, 79-89.
Wang Y., McAllister T.A., Newbold C.J., Rode L.M., Cheeke P.R. and Cheng K.J. (1998). Effects of extract on fermentation and degradation of steroidal saponins in the rumen stimulation technique. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 74, 143-153.