A Mixed-Method Approach to Designing an Entrepreneurial Behavior Development Model in Agricultural Cooperatives of Kermanshah Province, Iran

Subject Areas : Education and training

سعیده نوری ¹ , کوروش روستا ² , نادر نادری ³

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه مدیریت و کارآفرینی، دانشکده اقتصاد و کارآفرینی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

Received: 2021-10-15 Accepted : 2022-02-13 Published : 2023-06-01

Keywords: Cooperation, entrepreneurial behavior, Agricultural Cooperatives, Mixed-method approach,

Abstract :

The present study aimed to design a model for developing entrepreneurial behavior in agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah province, employing an exploratory mixed-method approach. In the qualitative phase of the study, the participant team included all key individuals well-informed about entrepreneurship within the cooperatives of Kermanshah province. Thirty participants were selected using a snowball purposive sampling method. The statistical population for the quantitative phase included 530 managers and members of active agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah province. Among them, 223 were selected using the stratified sampling method and Krejcie and Morgan's table. Data collected during the qualitative phase were analyzed using Nvivo8 software, resulting in the development of a grounded theory in the form of a conceptual model. During model analysis, research hypotheses were initially compiled and then assessed using the path analysis method in SPSS 23 and SmartPLS3 software. The findings from the qualitative phase, based on the grounded theory model, were categorized into six groups: Causative conditions (e.g., economic profits, personal incentives, etc.)Contextual conditions (e.g., cultural factors, diverse working areas, etc.)Intervening conditions (e.g., sanctions, market fluctuations, etc.)Phenomena (e.g., entrepreneurial behavior such as innovation, initiative in job tasks, etc.)Strategies (e.g., educational-promotional activities, keeping cooperatives up to date, etc.)Consequences (e.g., self-sufficiency in production, preventing cooperatives from depression, etc.).In the quantitative phase, the model emerging from the qualitative part was tested and ultimately approved. Based on the results, it is recommended that to foster entrepreneurial behavior in agricultural cooperatives, the research model be presented to cooperative members through training classes.

References:

Ahmadpour, A.; Arab, F. & Shahraki, M. (2019). The effect of social capital aspects on entrepreneurial behavior of the members of rural women cooperatives in Mazandaran Province. Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 8(3), 45-58. doi: 10.22067/jrrp.v8i3.74844.

Dam, K. V.; Schipper, M. & Runhaar, P. (2010). Developing a competency-based for teacher’s entrepreneurial behavior. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26 (4), 965-971.

Donbesuur, F; Boso, N. & Hultman, M. (2020). The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on new venture performance: Contingency roles of entrepreneurial actions. Journal of Business Research, 118(1), 150–161. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.042.

Gava, O.; Ardakani, Z.; Delalić, A.; Azzi, N. & Bartolini, F. (2021). Agricultural cooperatives contributing to the alleviation of rural poverty. The case of Konjic (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Journal of Rural Studies, 82 (1), 328–339. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.034.

General Directorate of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare of Kermanshah province. (2016). Statistics of General Directorate of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare of Kermanshah province in 2015.

General Directorate of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare of Kermanshah province. (2019). Statistics of the number of agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah province.

Giagnocavo, C.; Bienvenido, F.; Li, M.; Zhao, Y. R.; Sanchez-Molina, J. A. & Yang, X. T. (2017). Agricultural cooperatives and the role of organisational models in new intelligent traceability systems and big data analysis. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 10(5), 115–125.

Habbershon, T. G. & Pistrui, J. (2002). Enterprising families' domain: Family-influenced ownership groups in pursuit of trans generational wealth. Family Business Review, 15 (3), 223–237.

Hatten, T. S. (2015). Small Business Management: Entrepreneurship and Beyond, sixth edition, CENGAGE Learning, avilable on: https://books.google.com/books/cengage.

Herbel, D.; Rocchigiani, M. & Ferrier, C. (2015). The role of the social and organizational capital in agricultural co-operatives development practical lessons from the CUMA movement. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management, 3 (1), 24-31.

Herbel, D.; Rocchigiani, M.; & Ferrier, C. (2015). The role of the social and arganisational capital in agricultural co-operatives development practical lessons from the CUMA movement. Journal of Co-operative Organization and Management, 3 (1), 24-31.

     https://www.civilica.com/Paper-NCECEJ01-NCECEJ01_158.html

Imani, A.; Yaghoubi, N. & Mobaraki, M. (2017). Identification and Prioritization of the Cooperative Sector’s Policies of Entrepreneurship Development. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 10 (1), 21-39. doi: 10.22059/jed.2017.62289.

Jamini, D. & Jamshidi, A. (2021). Modeling the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship indicators in rural areas of Iran (Case study: Owramanat Region, Kermanshah Province). Spatial Planning, 11(3), 73-94. Doi: 10.22108/sppl.2021.128388.1576.

Kalogiannidis, S. (2020). Economic cooperative models: Agricultural cooperatives in greece and the need to modernize their operation for the sustainable development of local societies. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 10 (11), 452-468.

Kang, J. H.; Matusik, J. G.; Kim, T. Y. & Phillips, J. (2016). Interactive effects of multiple organizational climates on employee innovative behavior in entrepreneurial firms: A cross-level investigation. Journal of Business Venturing, 31 (6), 628-642.

Kellermanns, F. W.; Eddleston, K. A.; Barnett, T. & Pearson, A.  (2008).  An exploratory study of family member characteristics and involvement: Effects on entrepreneurial behavior in family firms.  Family Business Review, 21 (1), 1–14.

Khosravi, A.; Gholamrezaei, S.; Rahimian, M. & Akbari, M. (2016). Anayzing obstacles hampering organizational entrepreneurship development in agricultural cooperatives by the use of the grounded theory approach. Journal of Cooperation and Agriculture, 5(19), 167-189.

Knudson, W.; Wysocki, A.; Champagne, J. & Peterson, H. C. (2004). Entrepreneurship and innovation in the agri-food system. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 86(5), 1330-1336.‏

Kotlar, J., & Sieger, P. (2018). Bounded rationality and bounded reliability: A study of nonfamily managers’ entrepreneurial behavior in family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 1-23. doi:10.1177/1042258718796085.

Kuratko, D. F.; Ireland, R. D.; Covin, J. G. & Hornsby, J. S. (2005). A model of middle-level   manager’s   entrepreneurial   behavior.   Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29 (6), 699–716.

Kuratko, D. F. & Hodgetts, R. M. (2007). Entrepreneurship: theory, process, practice, Mason, OH: South-Western College Publishers.

Lawrence, C. & Ganguli, D. (2016). Entrepreneurial behavior of dairy farmers in Tamil Nadu. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education, 12 (1), 66-70.

Lui, Y.; Ma, W.; Renwick, A. & Fu, X. (2019). The role of agricultural cooperatives in serving as a marketing channel: Evidence from low-income regions of Sichuan province in China. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 22(2), 265-282. doi:10.22434/IFAMR2018.0058.

Ma, W.; Renwick, A.; Yuan, P.; & Ratna, N. (2018). Agricultural cooperative membership and technical efficiency of apple farmers in China: An analysis accounting for selectivity bias. Food Policy. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.10.009.

Mattihalli, B. S. (2015). An Analysis of Entrepreneurial Behavior of Maize Seed Producing Farmers of Haveri District (Master of Science Thesis). University of Agricultural Science, Bengaluru.

 Meymanatabadi, A.; hoseini, S.; pedram, A. & Heydari, A. (2020). determination of the most important affecting factors cooperatives economy in iran in the next decade using grounded theory. Co-Operation and Agriculture, 9(34), 1-32.

Michaelis, T. L.; Carr, J. C.; Scheaf, D. J. & Pollack, J. M. (2019). The frugal entrepreneur: A self-regulatory perspective of resourceful entrepreneurial behavior. Journal of Business Venturing, 35 (4), 1-19. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.105969.

Moon, S. & Lee, S. (2020). A strategy for sustainable development of cooperatives in developing countries: the success and failure case of agricultural cooperatives in Musambira Sector, Rwanda. Sustainability, 12 (20), 8632. doi:10.3390/su12208632.

Naderi, N.; Khosravi, E.; Azadi, H.; Karamian, F.; Viira, A. & Nadiri, H. (2022) Barriers to developing social entrepreneurship in NGOs: Application of grounded theory in Western Iran, Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 13 (2), 221-243. DOI: 10.1080/19420676.2020.1765409.

Nazari darkhori, H.; Rostami ghobadi, F.; Shiri, N.; Khoshmaram, M. (2021). Investigating the status of entrepreneurial management components in the relationship between absorption capacity and organizational entrepreneurship in agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah city. Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, 8(2), 17-32. doi: 10.22069/jead.2021.19410.1520.

Noori, S.; Roosta, K. & Naderi, N. (2020). Components of entrepreneurial behavior development in agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah Province: Application of grounded theory. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 16(2), 205-221. doi: 10.22034/iaeej.2020.211813.1480.

Pinto, A. C. (2009). Agricultural cooperatives and farmer’s organizations: Role in rural development and poverty reduction. Swedish Cooperative Center, Development Director.

Ratten, V. & Jones, P. (2020). New challenges in sport entrepreneurship for value creation. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16 (1), 961–980. doi:10.1007/s11365-020-00664-z.

Rezaei, R. (2014). Study the Role of entrepreneurship in the development of rural cooperatives. Entrepreneurship in Agriculture, 1 (1), 85-102.

Shapero, A. (1984), The entrepreneurial event. Kent, C.A. (ed.). In the Environment for Entrepreneurship, Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books, D.C. Heath and Company, 21-40.

Shojaei, M.; Forouzan, B. & Sharafdin, F. (2011). Cooperatives and obstacles and problems ahead. National conference of entrepreneurship, cooperation, and economic Jihad. Naein, Islamic Azad University-Naein Branch.

Statistical Yearbook of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare (2021). Statistics related to the cooperative sector until the end of March 20, 2021. Available at: https://ssicenter.mcls.gov.ir/icm_content/media/digitallibrary/2021/10/book897/897.pdf.

XiangyuGuo, M. (2010). Agriculture and agricultural science procedia, Study on Functions of Agriculture Cooperative in Food Safety. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 1 (1), 477-482.

Zahra, S. A.; Hayton, J. C. & Salvato, C. (2004). Entrepreneurship in family vs. non-family firms: A resource-based analysis of the effect of organizational culture. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 28 (4), 363-381.

Zahra, S. A. (2005). Entrepreneurial risk-taking in family firms. Family Business Review, 18 (1), 23-40.