زیبایی‌شناسی خانه سنتی ایرانی: بازشناسایی موًلفه‌های زیبایی بر اساس تئوری برخاسته از زمینه ( نمونه موردی: شهر یزد)
محورهای موضوعی : معماری
مریم سلیمانی
1
(کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.)
کاظم مندگاری
2
(استادیار دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.)
کلید واژه: زیبایی شناسی, ادراک زیبایی, خانه سنتی, شهر یزد.,
چکیده مقاله :
زیبایی خاصیت وجود انسان و تمایل به آن از مختصات آدمی است که همواره مورد توجه خاص گذشتگان بوده است. شهر یزد نیز با توجه به سابقه تاریخی‌اش دارای معماری غنی است و می‌تواند زمینه‌ای برای استخراج معیارهای زیبایی در معماری باشد. در راستای دستیابی به این هدف، سعی شده بر اساس روش تئوری برخاسته از زمینه، شناسایی عناصر زیبایی‌بخش این خانه‌ها، بر اساس ادراک مصاحبه شونده‌های حاضر در فضا شکل بگیرد. در این روش به منظور مطالعات ژرف، هفت گونه از خانه‌های سنتی یزد انتخاب شدند. محقق با حضور مستمر در محیط و مصاحبه‌های ژرف و نظام‌مند با ساکنین، اقدام به ارزیابی زیبایی این خانه‌ها کرده است. به منظور افزایش روایی تحقیق، یافته‌ها در مقایسه تطبیقی با مبانی موجود قرار داده شدند. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد: زیبایی طبیعت؛ نمود وحدت؛ تأکید بر جلوه فضا در دید ناظر و توجه به معانی نمادین، چهار عامل اصلی زیبایی‌بخش این خانه‌ها هستند.
The aesthetics is the quality of being pleasing, especially to look at, or someone or something that gives great pleasure, especially when looking at it. The conception for aesthetic is used in art, sociology, social psychology, and culture. Thus, aesthetic is one of the issues that are of concern to all human beings, and especially Architecture and urban planning designer. The factors that achieving it help to success and the functioning of a residential area. Therefore, considering the importance of addressing this issue and extract metrics, this study aims to provide aesthetic standards in the design of housing and residential areas consider to identify of an aesthetics elements of traditional houses in Yazd. Yazd has a rich architectural and historical importance. Therefore it could be fertile ground for recognizing the criteria of aesthetic in architecture. In order to achieve this goal, it tried based on Grounded theory method and identification that derived from the design of housing and residential areas on the aesthetics elements of the home that shaped based on the perception of the aesthetic of interviewees from the spaces. In this way in order to study first, seven examples of traditional houses in Yazd, used as Architectural College, which considered as case study, The continuous presence and personal observations and interviews realized in the deep and open with present residents of these houses that include 25 students and staff. Aesthetic elements of these houses identified by using a systematic method, Strauss and Corbin analyzed and explained in three opening, axial and selective coding. A study using grounded theory is likely to begin with a question, or even just with the collection of qualitative data. As researchers review the data collected, repeated ideas, concepts or elements become apparent, and tagged with codes, which have been extracted from the data. As more data is collected and as data is re-reviewed, codes can be grouped into concepts and then into categories. Finally, in order to further the validity of research results, research findings obtained from field studies in comparative comparison put by the concepts and principles. The results show that four general agents such as: A) Effects on aesthetic of nature, such as the manifestation of the trees, sky, water, clay and effects of light. B) The manifestation of unification by using simplicity, arrangement, symmetry, rhythm, concentration geometry, duplication, using proportion; C) Emphasis on the effects of space on the observer(attention to depth watch in different views) by creating virtual images in water, creating consecutive views and using customary decorations D) The emphasis on meaning through symbolic elements and the concept of the amazing memories (The possibility of The manifestation of mind familiar phenomena from the perspective of these houses present residents were reconditioned by creating niches). It is noted that each of these elements have been achieved through the factors that have been detailed expressed during the investigation. The results obtained in this study can be followed as a new research for affirming theories obtained in this paper.