رهیافتی در منظرسازی پایدار سواحل حاشیه بنادر (مطالعه موردی: سواحل حاشیه بندر بوشهر)
محورهای موضوعی : طراحی شهریغزاله رفیعی 1 , محسن کافی 2 , سارا نهیبی 3
1 - دانش آموخته رشــته مهندسی طراحی محیط زیست، گروه طراحی محیط زیســت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد بخش مهندسی فضای سبز، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه طراحی محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: بندر, منظر ساحلی, ساحل شهری, توسعه پایدار,
چکیده مقاله :
در طول تاریخ در بسیاری از نقاط جهان، منابع آب نقش بسیار مهمی در استقرار و شکل‌گیری سکونت و ایجاد هویت داشته‌اند. قبل از صنعتی شدن مناطق ساحلی شهرها با حضور مردم و فعالیت‌های متنوع پررونق بودند و ارتباط نزدیکی بین ساحل و شهر وجود داشت. در عصر صنعتی این رابطه با ایجاد برخی کاربری‌ها مانند ایجاد بنادر بزرگ، کاربری‌های تجاری و انبار کالا قطع شد. بی‌شک راه نجات از این وضعیت کنونی، توجه به اصول معماری پایدار و دخالت دادن آن در توسعه سواحل شهری است. در این پژوهش که جزو پژوهش‌های کاربردی و توسعه‌ای محسوب می‌شود، سعی خواهد شد تا پس از ارائه مبانی نظری مرتبط با موضوع و اصول و مؤلفه‌های طراحی پایدار سواحل شهری، معیارهای مناسب جهت ایجاد مناظر پایدار ساحلی در حاشیه بنادر و تبدیل آنها به مراکز پویا و زنده شهری ارائه شود.
Water is a vital natural resource is renewable, but finite, which is used for various purposes. Historically in many parts of the world, water resources play an important role in the establishment and formation of their residence and identity. Before industrialization, urban coastal areas were booming with people and diverse activities and there was a close connection between the coast and city but in the industrial age, this relationship was cut by creating some users such as major ports, commercial uses, Industrial activities, warehouse and transportation. Development of such as industrial activities in coastal areas have environmental problems such as pollution, aesthetic as well as social and economic effects for the surrounding urban communities. According to the sustainable development approach that is raised at the international level, should limit the effects of industrial development on the environment or be removed. Undoubtedly, the way out of the current problem is to consider the principles of sustainable architectural development and use them in development activities in urban coastal areas. For this purpose, Sustainable development and landscaping margin coast, ports can be used as a tool to achieve sustainable development goals. In this study that is applied and developmental research, Text and content analysis were used for the analysis, and a library method also was used to collect the required data and documents. Also we attempted to describe these principles before introducing an appropriate criterion to create sustainable coastal landscapes in vicinity of ports that would also serve as dynamic urban centers. Reconstruction and development of coast base on sustainability criteria can convert coast to on the most important center of national and international socio-economic focus. Sustainable development of a coastal area meant to benefit from the full potential of these spaces. Therefore, the landscaping of coasts in vicinity of ports include a combination of understanding of ecological, environmental impacts and link the city with the port and coast. The integration of sustainable development criteria and standards for reducing an environmental impact of ports, can be a fundamental structure, particularly in relation to sustainable landscaping coasts near ports provided. According to the findings, establishing and maintaining communication between the city, the harbor and the beach, protect and guarantee the quality of water and the environment, reduce environmental pollution (air-optic-audio), create economic opportunities, meet the needs of local people and the city, contributing expertise, organizations, government agencies and people in the planning and design projects, preservation of cultural identity, natural scenery and landscape, creating complex and diverse applications to exploit the environment all the days, building infrastructure and convenient access to coastal areas, creating quality public spaces, enhances the visual quality of the environment and coverage unfavorable landscapes, are including criteria for sustainable landscaping in vicinity of ports. In addition, the coastal margins of the port of Bushehr as a case study were identified and investigated in a variety of aspects (functional, accessibility, visual and environmental), then identified base zones and macro-design strategies to create a sustainable landscape on these beaches has been provided.
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