شناسایی و سنجش عوامل کلیدی تاثیرگذار بر نقش بندر خشک در توسعه منطقه ای؛ نمونه مطالعاتی: شهر زاهدان
محورهای موضوعی : شهرسازیپوریا احمدیان 1 , سید مسلم سیدالحسینی 2 * , مریم دانشور 3
1 - دانشجوی دكتری، گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.
2 - استاد، گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.
3 - استادیار، گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران.
کلید واژه: بندر خشک, توسعه منطقه ای, زاهدان,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با روش آمیخته (فراترکیب کیفی ۲۷ منبع منتخب و پیمایش کمی) به شناسایی عوامل کلیدی تأثیرگذار بندر خشک زاهدان بر توسعه منطقه ای پرداخت. مدل نهایی پژوهش شامل دو مولفه اصلی «ترافیکی- حمل و نقل» (با معیارهایی چون موقعیت استراتژیک و کنترل ترافیک) و «اقتصادی- اجتماعی» (با معیارهایی مانند توسعه اقتصادی و توسعه اجتماعی) و ۲۴ شاخص بود. داده های کمی از ۵۶ خبره به روش هدفمند گردآوری و با آزمون تی تک نمونهای تحلیل شد. یافته ها نشان داد هر دو مولفه تأثیر معناداری بر توسعه منطقه ای زاهدان دارند و معیارهای «توسعه اقتصادی» و «موقعیت استراتژیک» اولویت بیشتری دارند. در سطح خردتر شاخصهایی مانند «کاهش ترافیک جادهای» و «جذب سرمایهگذاری خصوصی» بیشترین تأثیر را داشتند، درحالی که شاخصهای اجتماعی نظیر «برابری اجتماعی» و «توسعه استعدادهای انسانی» نیازمند توجه ویژه در سیاست گذاری شناسایی شدند.
Dry ports serve as crucial logistics hubs that connect coastal ports with inland regions, enhancing regional connectivity and fostering sustainable economic growth. This study investigates the role of Zahedan's dry port in promoting regional development in southeastern Iran—a strategic but underdeveloped border area near Afghanistan and Pakistan. Due to its location along key international transit routes like the East-West Railway, Zahedan holds great potential to become a regional logistics center. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, poor institutional coordination, and significant socio-economic inequalities limit this potential. This research employs a mixed-methods approach to identify and validate key factors influencing the dry port's regional impact. The qualitative phase conducted a meta-synthesis of 27 academic and policy documents, developing a conceptual model with two core components—"Traffic-Transport" and "Socio-Economic Development"—supported by five criteria and 24 measurable indicators. The quantitative phase validated this model through a survey of 56 domain experts, including urban planners, transportation officials, and local policymakers. Data analysis in this research, using one-sample T-tests demonstrated that both model components exert a statistically significant influence on regional development outcomes. The "Traffic-Transport" component recorded a mean score of 3.27, while the "Socio-Economic Development" component scored 3.15, both notably exceeding the theoretical average (μ=3). Among the indicators, "reduction of road traffic" (mean=3.65), "access to multimodal transport" (mean=3.58), and "influx of private sector investment" (mean=3.48) were underscored as paramount, highlighting the critical need for infrastructure
modernization and conducive economic policies. Conversely, social dimension indicators such as "enhancement of social equality" (mean=2.57) and "development of local human capital" (mean=2.44) lagged considerably, revealing systemic
gaps in policy coherence, long-term social planning, and effective institutional collaboration. These findings largely align with global dry port literature that prioritizes logistical efficiency and connectivity. However, the relative marginalization of human capital factors presents a notable divergence from some studies, potentially reflecting the immediate, pressing infrastructural deficits and complex border dynamics unique to the Zahedan context. Pervasive challenges such as fragmented governance, insufficient technological integration, and weak public-private partnerships mirror common impediments to dry port efficacy globally, thereby necessitating targeted, context-sensitive policy interventions. Based on these insights, the study proposes a suite of strategic recommendations. These include prioritizing the expansion and modernization of rail connectivity to integrate with international corridors, creating attractive fiscal incentives to spur private-sector engagement, establishing dedicated cross-institutional task forces to improve coordination, and adopting sustainable technologies like energy-efficient transport systems to mitigate environmental impact. Furthermore, fostering inclusive community participation and implementing robust local skill development programs are identified as critical for ensuring equitable and socially sustainable growth. Future research should delve into adaptive policy frameworks for investment mobilization, the socio-political nuances of cross-border trade corridors, and longitudinal assessments of dry port impacts. By systematically addressing these interconnected multidimensional challenges, Zahedan's dry port can transcend its current limitations and transform into a potent catalyst for balanced and resilient regional development, thereby driving robust economic prosperity while simultaneously advancing social equity and environmental sustainability in Iran's underserved southeastern periphery
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