ارزش اکولوژیکی اکوسیستمهای در معرض خطر مانگرو
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست
مریم مصلحی
1
(استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندر عباس، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
کلید واژه: مانگرو, خطوط ساحلی, فعالیت بشری, ارزش اکولوژیکی,
چکیده مقاله :
هر اکوسیستمی با فراهم نمودن فواید و خدمات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم، زندگی جانداران را حمایت می‎کنند. در بین این اکوسیستم‎ها، جنگل‎های مانگرو یکی از پربارترین اکوسیستم‎ها در این سیاره هستند. این جنگل‎های جالب توجه، یکی از با ارزش‎ترین اکوسیستم‎های ساحلی است که نه تنها یک منبع غذایی برای انسان و جانوران فراهم می‎کند بلکه در حفاظت و ثبات خطوط ساحلی (با افزایش پیوستگی خاک)، جلوگیری از فرسایش و کنترل آب و هوا نقش عمده‎ای دارد و زیستگاهی مناسب برای تولیدمثل انواع متفاوتی از ماهی‎ها، خرچنگ‎ها، دوزیست‎ها و خانه‎ای ایمن برای بعضی از پستانداران، پرندگان و بندپایان فراهم می‎کند. مانگرو مانند یک حصار در برابر بلایای طبیعی (سیکلون‎ها، طوفان و تسونامی) عمل نموده و جایگاهی ایمن برای جوامع ساحلی فراهم می‎کند. باوجود کاربری‎های حفاظتی، زیست‎محیطی و زیستگاهی که این جنگل‎ها دارند همچنان در معرض تهدیدهای ناشی از دست‎اندازی‎های انسانی قرار دارند که در نتیجه آن، تنوع گونه‎ای و سطوح جنگل‎های مانگرو در بسیاری از نواحی، با نرخ سریعی در حال کاهش است. بنابراین هدف از این تحقیق، آگاه نمودن محققین و ساکنین خطوط ساحلی از فواید اکولوژیکی (حفاظتی، زیست‌محیطی و زیستگاهی) جنگل‎های مانگرو و بکارگیری استراتژی و مدیریت صحیح جهت حفظ این زیستگاه‎های کمیاب و ارزش مند از تخریب بیش تر می‎باشد. این مطالعه به‎صورت مروری بر مطالعات منتشرشده انجام گرفت. به‎منظور حفاظت از اکوسیستم‎های مانگرو در مقابل تخریب بیش تر، جذب سرمایه‎گذاری‎های خصوصی و دولتی در جهت استفاده از فن‎آوری‎های سبز مقرون به‎صرفه همراه با آگاه‎سازی ساکنین ساحلی برای ایجاد یک استراتژی مدیریتی صحیح ضرورت دارد
Every ecosystem supports Fauna life by giving direct or indirect benefits and services. Mangrove forests are the most productive ecosystems among them on this planet. This significant ecosystem, is one of the most valuable coastal ecosystems that not only is a source of food for humans and animals, but also has a key role in the protection and stabilization of costlines (by increasing soil cohesion), erosion prevention and weather control. Also this ecosystem is a habitat for breeding of different kinds of fish, crabs and amphibians and provides a safe home for some mammals, birds and arthropods. Mangrove acts such as a barrier against natural disasters (cyclones, hurricanes and tsunamis) and thus provides a safe place for coastal communities. Despite safety, environmental and habitat function, these forests are still under threat from human activity, with the result that, biodiversity and forest areas of mangroves, in many areas, are decreasing rapidly. So, the purpose of this research is to inform researchers and inhabitants of the coastline about ecological benefits (safety, environmental and habitat) of mangrove ecosystems and use of proper strategy and management to protect this rare and precious habitat against more destruction. This study was a review of published studies. In order to protect mangrove ecosystems against further destruction, attraction of private and public investment in order to use green technologies and to inform coastal residents to create a proper management strategy, is necessary.
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