مروری بر مدلهای آمایش سرزمین
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست
آزاده مهری
1
(
دانشجوی دکتری آمایش محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گلستان، ایران *(مسوول مکاتبات)
)
عبدالرسول سلمان‌ماهینی
2
(
دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گلستان، ایران.
)
کلید واژه: آمایش سرزمین, سامانه‌های خبره, ارزیابی چندمعیاره, برنامه‌ریزی ریاضی, مدلهای شبیه‌سازی مکانی,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه، به دلیل وجود بحران های محیط زیستی حاصل از استفاده غیر منطقی و تبدیل زمین، نیاز به ارزیابی توان بوم شناختی و آمایش کاربری ها در سرزمین قبل از اجرای توسعه، بیش از پیش ضروری گردیده است. روش های متفاوتی در جهان برای ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین استفاده می شوند. در این مقاله مدلهای مختلف آمایش سرزمین مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند و انواع روش‌ها با اهداف، کاربردها و کاربری‌های مختلف شناسایی شده اند. در این خصوص به مرور مدلهای آمایش سرزمین و تحلیل و ارزیابی ویژگی‌های اصلی آنها را پرداخته شده است. مدل های آمایش سرزمین در پنج گروه شامل سامانه های خبره، ارزیابی چندمعیاره، برنامه ریزی ریاضی، روش های ترکیبی و مدل های شبیه سازی مکانی قابل بررسی هستند. هر کدام از این گروه ها دارای زیرگروه هایی شامل انواع مدل های آمایش سرزمین مختلف هستند. مدل های مورد بررسی در سامانه های پشتیبان تصمیم گیری نیز استفاده می شوند که اغلب آن ها وابسته به GIS هستند. هدف این مقاله تحلیل مدل ها و روش‌های مختلف آمایش سرزمین برای ارایه یک مرور کلی ساختاریافته است و نتایج آن امکان انتخاب روش ویژه هر مسأله کاربردی را تسهیل می نماید
Nowadays, environmental crises caused by the irrational use and land conversion, have made ecological evaluation and land use planning ever more essential. Different methods are used in land evaluation and land use planning. In this paper, land use planning models have been reviewed and techniques with different objectives, applications, and land uses have been identified. Reviewing the existing land use planning models included the analysis and evaluation of their main characteristics. Land use planning models have been studied in five groups, including expert systems, multi-criteria evaluation, mathematical programming, mixed techniques, and spatial simulation models. Each of these groups has several sub-groups and the models studied in this paper may constitute Decision Support Systems (DSSs) that are usually integrated into a GIS. The aim of this paper is to analyze and offer a structured overview towards facilitating selection of a particular and appropriate method for any land use planning application
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