ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه و نقش آن‌ها در پالایش خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین

محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست

محمدرضا نادری ¹ , رضوان نادری ²

1 - دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد*(مسئول مکاتبات).
2 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند.

تاریخ دریافت : 1393/06/26 تاریخ پذیرش : 1393/10/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1394/01/01

کلید واژه: ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه, فلزات سنگین, زیست‌پالایی, گیاه‌پالایی,

چکیده مقاله :

استفاده از ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه به‌منظور پالایش زیستی و یا بهبود کارآیی سایر روش‌های زیست‌پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین، دستاوردهای شگرفی از قبیل سازگاری با محیط زیست، هزینه اندک در مقایسه با روش‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی پالایش خاک‌های آلوده به فلز، بهبود حاصل خیزی خاک، افزایش تنوع زیستی و غیره را به دنبال دارد. این ریزوباکتری‌ها به دلیل متحمل بودن نسبت به فلزات سنگین قادر به جذب سطحی یا درونی آلاینده‌های فلزی و همچنین احیای فلزات به فرم‌های با سمیت کم تر می‌باشند و بدین طریق موجب زدایش یا تثبیت آن‌ها می‌شوند. علاوه‌براین، ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه از طریق مکانیسم‌های مختلفی نظیر تثبیت نیتروژن اتمسفر، انحلال فسفات، ترشح سیدروفورهای کلات‌کننده‌ی آهن، تولید هورمون‌های محرک رشد مانند اکسین و جیبرلین و جلوگیری از سنتز بیش از حد اتیلن به‌واسطه‌ی تولید آنزیم ACC- دی‌آمیناز می‌توانند رشد گیاه را در خاک‌های آلوده به فلز بهبود بخشند و بدین ترتیب سبب افزایش کارآیی فرآیند گیاه‌پالایی می‌شوند. بر این اساس، در مطالعه‌ی حاضر مروری کوتاه بر نقش ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه در پالایش خاک‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین و همچنین تأثیر آن‌ها در بهبود کارآیی گیاه‌پالایی آلاینده‌های فلزی خواهیم داشت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The using of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in order to biological remediation and/or improvement the efficiency of other bioremediation methods of heavy metals contaminated soils has great advantages such as environmental friendly, low cost compared to physical and chemical remediation methods of metal contaminated soils, promotion of soil fertility, raise the biodiversity and etc.. Because of their tolerance to heavy metals, this rhizobacteria are able to adsorb or absorb metal pollutants and also can reduce metals to less toxic forms and thus remediate or immobilize metal. Furthermore, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria have the ability to enhance the plant growth on metal contaminated soils through various mechanisms such as fixation of atmosphere N2, phosphate solubilization, secret of Fe-chelating siderophores, and production of growth promoting hormones like auxin and gibberellin and prevention of excessive synthesis of ethylene by enzyme ACC-deaminase and thus, increase the phytoremediation efficiency of these soils. Hence, in this study, we have a brief review on the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils and also their effect on improve the phytoremediation efficiency of metal pollutants

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