رژیم حقوقی مسئولیت مدنی ناشی از خسارات محیط زیستی
محورهای موضوعی :
حقوق محیط زیست
مریم افشاری
1
,
سبحان طیبی
2
,
روح اله کریمی
3
1 - عضو هیات علمی گروه حقوق، واحد دماوند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دماوند، ایران
2 - مدرس گروه حقوق، واحد دماوند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دماوند، ایران
3 - مدرس گروه حقوق، واحد شهرقدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرقدس، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/05/25
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/01/20
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/07/01
کلید واژه:
خسارات محیط زیستی,
مسئولیت مدنی,
رژیم مسئولیت,
راهبردهای بین المللی,
ابزارهای حقوقی و فقهی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه هدف: امروزه جایگاه حفاظت از محیط زیست بعنوان یک امر مهم و مطلوب محسوب می گردد. این مساله تا آنجایی اهمیت پیدا می کند که شاخص های قانونی برای آن در نظر گرفته می شود. تبیین و بحث مسوولیت مدنی و تشخیص درستی و نادرستی و انتخاب هر یک از مباحث آن از جمله نظریه تقصیر یا خطر و همچنین استناد به نظریات فقهی همچون لاضرر از جمله امور مهم مورد بررسی در این ساختار می باشد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی مسایل محیط زیست در چارچوب مبانی مسوولیت مدنی و رویه ابزار و مسوولیت و همچنین رژیم حقوقی موجود است. این پژوهش به دنبال ارائه و تحلیل مبانی نظری ضرورت تحول مسوولیت مدنی ناشی از تخریب محیط زیست با استفاده از منابع ومبانی موجود در نظریات مسوولیت مدنی با امعان نظر به رژیم حقوقی موجود است.
روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه ای و به روش توصیفی و تحلیلی و بر اساس یافته های مروری نگارش گردیده است.
یافته ها: ضعف ضمانتهای حقوق مسوولیت مدنی و عدم کفایت تدابیر اداری، ضرورت یاد شده را تقویت می کند با این حال کاربست حقوق مسوولیت مدنی برای حمایت از محیط زیست مستلزم ملاحظه بایسته هایی است که بدون توجه به آن ها نمی توان به تو فیق این حقوق امیدوار شد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: در این پژوهش سعی گردیده است تا نشان بدهد که چرا مسوولیت مدنی در حوزه خسارات محیط زیستی به ویژه بر مبنای آموزه های فقهی و حقوقی نیازمند تحول است. مهم ترین دستاورد این پژوهش بازشناسی آن دسته از نظریات مسوولیت مدنی حفاظت از محیط زیست از منظر فقه و حقوق است که با فلسفه بنیادین حفاظت حداکثری از محیط زیست سازگار است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Purpose context: Nowadays, the position of environmental protection is considered as an important and desirable matter. This issue becomes important to the extent that legal indicators are considered for it. The explanation and discussion of civil responsibility and the recognition of rightness and wrongness and the selection of each of its topics, including the theory of fault or risk, as well as citing jurisprudential theories such as harm, are among the important matters investigated in this structure. The purpose of this research is to examine environmental issues within the framework of civil responsibility and the procedure of instruments and responsibility as well as the existing legal regime. This research seeks to present and analyze the theoretical foundations of the necessity of civil responsibility evolution due to environmental destruction using the sources and foundations available in the theories of civil responsibility with a view to the existing legal regime.
Research method: The present research was written based on library studies, descriptive and analytical method, and based on review findings.
Findings: The weakness of civil liability rights guarantees and the inadequacy of administrative measures strengthen the aforementioned necessity, however, the application of civil liability rights to protect the environment requires consideration of requirements that cannot be considered without paying attention to them. The rights were hopeful.
Discussion and conclusion: In this research, an attempt has been made to show why civil responsibility in the field of environmental damage needs to evolve, especially based on jurisprudence and legal doctrines. The most important achievement of this research is to recognize those theories of civil responsibility for environmental protection from the point of view of jurisprudence and law, which are compatible with the fundamental philosophy of maximum environmental protection.
منابع و مأخذ:
Taghizadeh Ansari, Mostafi, 2001, Environmental Laws of Iran, Tehran, Semt Publications, page 6(In Persian)
Fahimi Azizullah, 2013, civil responsibility caused by environmental destruction in Iranian jurisprudence and law, Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, page 77(In Persian)
Badini, Hassan, 2005, Philosophy of Civil Responsibility, Publishing Company, Tehran, page 33
Bariklo, Alireza, 2015, Civil Responsibility, Mizan Publishing, page 57(In Persian)
Katouzian, Nasser, Ansari, Mehdi, 2017, Responsibility due to environmental damage, Law Quarterly, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Tehran University, Volume 32, Number 2, Summer, Page 36(In Persian)
Helali, Leila, 2015, a comparative look at the civil liability of environmental damages, the book New Approaches in the Light of International Environmental Laws, edited by Sobhan Tayabi, Khorsandi Publications, page 859(In Persian)
Fahimi Azizullah, 2013, civil responsibility due to environmental destruction in Iranian jurisprudence and law, Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, page 136(In Persian)
Badini, Hassan, 2005, Philosophy of Civil Responsibility, publishing company, Tehran, page 218(In Persian)
Vahdati Shabiri, Seyyed Hassan, 2015, Fundamentals of Contractual Civil Liability, Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, Qom, page 99(In Persian)
Qasimzadeh, Syed Morteza, 2017, Basics of Civil Responsibility, Mizan Publishing House, fifth edition, Tehran, page 291(In Persian)
Fayouzi, Reza, 1995, International Law; International responsibility and the theory of political support, Vol. 1, Tehran University Press, page 39(In Persian)
Helali, Leila, 2014, Shia jurisprudence and evolution in the foundations of environmental civil responsibility, master's thesis in private law, Islamic Azad University, Meybod branch, page 141(In Persian)
Rahmati, Soheila, 2013, examining the legal problems of direct payment of cross-border environmental compensations to non-governmental individuals who have suffered damage, master's thesis in environmental law, Islamic Azad University of Science and Research, page 42(In Persian)
Fahimi Azizullah, 2013, civil responsibility due to environmental destruction in Iranian jurisprudence and law, Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, page 287(In Persian)
Koyorova, Timo, 2014, Introduction to International Environmental Law, translated by Sobhan Tayibi and Mahnaz Zarrabi, Mizan Publications, page 285(In Persian)
Khomeini, Seyyed Ruholah, 1989, Al-Rashee, Volume 2, Qom, Ismailian Institute, page 68(In Persian)
Fahimi Azizullah, 2012, Civil responsibility due to environmental destruction in Iranian jurisprudence and law, Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, page 159(In Persian)
Fahimi Azizullah, 2012, Civil responsibility due to environmental destruction in Iranian jurisprudence and law, Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, page 151(In Persian)
Helali, Leila, 2014, Shia jurisprudence and evolution in the foundations of environmental civil responsibility, master's thesis in private law, Islamic Azad University, Meybod branch, page 181(In Persian)
Lotfi, Asadullah, 2000, the causes and muscats of guarantees in jurisprudence and civil rights of Iran, Majd Publications, page 64(In Persian)
Katuzian, Nasser, 1995, legal events, Yalda Publishing, Tehran, page 65(In Persian)
Katuzian, Nasser, 2013, Philosophy of Law, Publishing Company, Tehran, page 141(In Persian)
Katoozian, Nasser, 2013, Philosophy of Law, Publishing Company, Tehran, page 240(In Persian)
_||_
Taghizadeh Ansari, Mostafi, 2001, Environmental Laws of Iran, Tehran, Semt Publications, page 6(In Persian)
Fahimi Azizullah, 2013, civil responsibility caused by environmental destruction in Iranian jurisprudence and law, Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, page 77(In Persian)
Badini, Hassan, 2005, Philosophy of Civil Responsibility, Publishing Company, Tehran, page 33
Bariklo, Alireza, 2015, Civil Responsibility, Mizan Publishing, page 57(In Persian)
Katouzian, Nasser, Ansari, Mehdi, 2017, Responsibility due to environmental damage, Law Quarterly, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Tehran University, Volume 32, Number 2, Summer, Page 36(In Persian)
Helali, Leila, 2015, a comparative look at the civil liability of environmental damages, the book New Approaches in the Light of International Environmental Laws, edited by Sobhan Tayabi, Khorsandi Publications, page 859(In Persian)
Fahimi Azizullah, 2013, civil responsibility due to environmental destruction in Iranian jurisprudence and law, Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, page 136(In Persian)
Badini, Hassan, 2005, Philosophy of Civil Responsibility, publishing company, Tehran, page 218(In Persian)
Vahdati Shabiri, Seyyed Hassan, 2015, Fundamentals of Contractual Civil Liability, Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, Qom, page 99(In Persian)
Qasimzadeh, Syed Morteza, 2017, Basics of Civil Responsibility, Mizan Publishing House, fifth edition, Tehran, page 291(In Persian)
Fayouzi, Reza, 1995, International Law; International responsibility and the theory of political support, Vol. 1, Tehran University Press, page 39(In Persian)
Helali, Leila, 2014, Shia jurisprudence and evolution in the foundations of environmental civil responsibility, master's thesis in private law, Islamic Azad University, Meybod branch, page 141(In Persian)
Rahmati, Soheila, 2013, examining the legal problems of direct payment of cross-border environmental compensations to non-governmental individuals who have suffered damage, master's thesis in environmental law, Islamic Azad University of Science and Research, page 42(In Persian)
Fahimi Azizullah, 2013, civil responsibility due to environmental destruction in Iranian jurisprudence and law, Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, page 287(In Persian)
Koyorova, Timo, 2014, Introduction to International Environmental Law, translated by Sobhan Tayibi and Mahnaz Zarrabi, Mizan Publications, page 285(In Persian)
Khomeini, Seyyed Ruholah, 1989, Al-Rashee, Volume 2, Qom, Ismailian Institute, page 68(In Persian)
Fahimi Azizullah, 2012, Civil responsibility due to environmental destruction in Iranian jurisprudence and law, Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, page 159(In Persian)
Fahimi Azizullah, 2012, Civil responsibility due to environmental destruction in Iranian jurisprudence and law, Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, page 151(In Persian)
Helali, Leila, 2014, Shia jurisprudence and evolution in the foundations of environmental civil responsibility, master's thesis in private law, Islamic Azad University, Meybod branch, page 181(In Persian)
Lotfi, Asadullah, 2000, the causes and muscats of guarantees in jurisprudence and civil rights of Iran, Majd Publications, page 64(In Persian)
Katuzian, Nasser, 1995, legal events, Yalda Publishing, Tehran, page 65(In Persian)
Katuzian, Nasser, 2013, Philosophy of Law, Publishing Company, Tehran, page 141(In Persian)
Katoozian, Nasser, 2013, Philosophy of Law, Publishing Company, Tehran, page 240(In Persian)
