ارزیابی و طراحی پایدار منظر شهری منطقه 2 شهرداری تهران در جهت حرکت به سوی شهر اکولوژیک
محورهای موضوعی : طراحی محیط زیستافروز اسلامی 1 , نسیم صحرائی نژاد 2 , سید حسین موسوی فاطمی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دکتری مطالعات منظر، استادیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، مربی گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: طراحی پایدار, تهران, شهر اکولوژیک, منظر شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه هدف: عدم توجه به مبحث پایداری در فرآیند توسعه، شهرها را با سرعت فزایندهای به سمت ناپایداری سوق می دهد. شهرهای اکولوژیک با برنامهریزی و مدیریت یکپارچه و از طریق صرفهجویی در مصرف انرژی، کاهش آلودگی و افزایش کیفیت زیست شهروندان، راه راجهت پایداری هموارتر می کنند. درسالهای اخیر خصوصا در کلانشهرتهران، کیفیت زندگی به شدت افت کرده، بنابراین با ایجاد شهراکولوژیک، تلاش میشود کیفیت زیست شهروندان، افزایش یابد. هدف اصلی از این پژوهش درابتدا تعیین عوامل موثر بر دستیابی رویکرد شهراکولوژیک و تبیین میزان اهمیت آنها، سپس امتیازدهی نواحی 9گانه منطقه2تهران براساس عوامل و در نهایت ارائه راهکارهای طراحی جهت دستیابی به پایداری و شهراکولوژیک است. روش بررسی: تحقیق حاضر ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و به لحاظ ماهیت، توصیفی-تحلیلی و داده های تحقیق نیز از طریق مطالعات کتابخانهای، برداشت میدانی و پرسشنامه گردآوری گردید. پس از تعیین، معیارهای تاثیرگذار با مرورمبانی نظری واستفاده از نظرات خبرگان منظرشهری و روش تحلیلیAHP و مقایسه زوجی معیارها و محاسبات در نرم افزار Excel ، وزن دهی میزان اهمیت معیارها انجام شده و سپس پتانسیل نواحی مختلف منطقه 2تهران ارزیابی گردید. با استفاده از تکنیک SWOT، داده های گردآوری شده از طریق برداشت میدانی محدوده موردمطالعه نیز، جهت ارائه راهکارهای طراحی دقیقتر تحلیل خواهند شد. یافته ها: نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد ناحیه 9 از میان نواحی مختلف منطقه2، از حیث بهره گیری از معیارهای ارزیابی شده موثر بر رویکرد شهر اکولوژیک، دارای بالاترین امتیاز بوده بدین معنی که در این محدوده در مقایسه با سایر نواحی، اقدامات بیشتری جهت حصول و دستیابی به این رویکرد انجام شده و در نهایت با انجام مطالعات شناخت و تحلیل ناحیه 9 منطقه 2 شهرداری تهران و با توجه به فرصت ها و محدودیت های این محدوده، راهکارهای مختلفی جهت طراحی پایدار و در مسیر دستیابی به شهر اکولوژیک در این ناحیه در قالب یک پلان راهبردی، پیشنهاد و ارائه گردیده است. بحث: بر اساس مطالعات مشخص می شود که طراحی اصولی منظر شهری براساس راهکارهای ارائه شده، بستری جهت افزایش پایداری و توسعه رویکرد شهر اکولوژیک و تبدیل این ناحیه شهری به زیستگاهی با کیفیت جهت اسکان و بقاء گونههای انسانی و غیرانسانی بوده و در عین حال الگوئی را برای سایر نواحی و مناطق شهری با شرایط مشابه تامین خواهد نمود.
Basis and Goals: Lack of attention to the issue of sustainability in development process leads cities to a growing trend of unsustainability. Eco-cities pave the way for sustainability through integrated planning and management by saving energy, reducing pollution and increasing the quality of life of citizens. In recent years in metropolis of Tehran, the quality of life has declined sharply, so by creating Eco-city, efforts are being made to increase the quality of life of citizens. The main purpose of this study is, first, determining the factors affecting achievement of Eco-city approach and explain their importance, then score the 9areas of Tehran Region2 based on the factors and finally provide design solutions to achieve sustainability and Eco-city. Method: The present research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature, descriptive-analytical and research data were collected through library studies, field surveys and questionnaires. After determining the effective criteria by reviewing theoretical basis and using the opinions of urban landscape experts and AHP analytical method and pair-wise comparison of criteria and calculations in Excel software, the importance of the criteria was weighted and then the potential of different areas of Tehran Region2 was evaluated. Using SWOT technique, the data collected through field surveying of study area will be analyzed to provide more accurate design strategies. Findings: The results of the research show that region 9 has the highest score among the region 2 in terms of using the evaluated criteria effective on the ecological city approach, which means that in this region, compared to other regions, there are more measures to achieve and finally, by carrying out studies to identify and analyze District 9 of region 2 of Tehran Municipality and considering the opportunities and limitations of this area, various solutions for sustainable design and on the way to achieving an ecological city in this area in the form of a strategic plan were proposed and presented. Discussion: Based on the studies, it is clear that the basic design of the urban landscape based on the presented solutions is a platform for increasing the sustainability and development of the ecological city approach and transforming this urban area into a quality habitat for the settlement and survival of human and non-human species, and at the same time, it is a model for Other districts and urban areas will provide with similar conditions.
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3- Irandoost, Kiyomars, Ahmadi, Mitra. City in the Developing World. Robert Potter, Lloyd-Owens, Sally. Tehran: Organization of Municipalities and Villages of the country; 2006. (In Persian)4- Mirabadi, Mustafa, Beshartifar, Sadegh, Karimi, Ahmad. An Analysis of the Spatial Pattern of Dimensions and Factors Related to the Growth of Urbanization in the Contemporary Era in Iran with an Emphasis on Development and Livelihood Indicators. Journal of Urban Geographic Planning Research. 2017; Vol. 6(3): 605-627. (In Persian)5- Salari, Mohammad, Safavi Sohi, Maryam. An Analysis of the Role of Construction Violations in the Failure of Urban Development Plans in Tehran Metropolis. Bagh Nazar. 2016; 14(51): 5-20. (In Persian)6- Masnavi, Mohammadreza. 2009, The Need to Review the Relationship between the City and the Environment: Sustainable Urban Ecosystem, Paradigm or Paradox". Manzar Quarterly Journal, 2009; 3(16): 52-63. (In Persian)
8- Wong, Tai-Chee, Yuen, B. Eco-city Planning: Policies, Practice and Design. Singapore: Springer Science & Business Media; 2011.9- Saad, M. M., Mohamed AbdelAll Ibrahimb, Zeyad M. El S. Eco-City as Approach for Sustainable Development .ASRJETS 2017; 28(1): 54-74.10- Mahmoudi, Amir Saeed. Urban Landscape: A Review of Several Theories". Abadi Quarterly. 2006; 16(53): 54-62. (In Persian)11- Jaafari, Sh., Alizadeh Shabani, A., Danehkar, A., and Nazarisamani, A. Landscape Ecological Metrics-Based Investigation of Land Cover/Use Changes in Khojir National Park. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci. 2013; 13 (2): 168-173.12- Tzoulas, K., Korpela, K., Venn, S., Yli-Pelkonen, V., Ka´zmierczak, A., Niemela, J., and James, P. Promoting Ecosystem and Human Health in Urban Areas, Using Green Infrastructure: A literature review. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2012; 81, 167–178.13- Cook, E.A. and van Lier,H.N. (Eds.). 1994. Landscape Planning and Ecological Networks. Elsevier, Amsterdam; 1994. 14- Bahreini, Seyyed Hossein. Urban Design Process. Second Edition. Tehran: Tehran University Publication; 2003. (In Persian)15- Sheikh Beiglou, R., Mohammadi, J. Analysis of Climatic Elements, Wind and Precipitation with Emphasis on Urban Design, Case Study of Isfahan city. Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning. 2010; 39(3): 61-82. (In Persian)16- Helfand G. E., Park J.S., Joan, Nassauer I., Kosek, S. The Economics of Native Plants in Residential Landscape Designs. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2006; 78(3): 229-240.17- Nastaran, M., Zangiabadi, A., Khalifipour, Kh. Sustainable Development of Sustainable City. Monthly Social, Economic, Cultural of Work and Society. 2007; 85-86: 56-65. (In Persian)18- Barati Borojeni, N., Nahibi S., Mousavi Fatemi, H. Designing and Recreating the Urban Green Space with the Perspective of a Sustainable Ecological City. The Third Annual International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning. July 6, 2016; Shiraz: Kharazmi Supreme Institute of Science and Technology; 2017. (In Persian)19- Mohd Tahir Osman, Maggie H. Roe. Sustainable Urban Landscapes: Making the Case for the Development of an Improved Management System. ALAM CIPTA, Int. J. Sustain 2015; 1(1): 17-24.20- Yan Y., Wang C., Quan Y. Gang W., Zhao J. Urban Sustainable Development Efficiency towards the Balance between Nature and Human Well-being: Connotation, measurement, and assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018 March; 178: 67-75.21- Hans O. Local sustainable development and carbon neutrality in cities in developing and emerging countries. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 2011 June; 18(3): 190–200.22- Gohar A. Urbanization and Sustainable Development Evolution and Contemporary Challenge. J. Civil Eng. Architect. Res 2016 January; 3(12): 1813-1825. 23- Childers D. L., Pickett S. TA., Morgan Grove J., Ogden L., Whitmer A. Advancing Urban Sustainability Theory and Action: Challenges and Opportunities. Landscape and Urban Planning 2014; 125: 320-328. 24- Research Group of Sustainable City. Report of China's Sustainable Urban Development. Compact City. Beijing: Chinese environmental press; 2013. 25- Zhao J. Z., Cui S. H., Yan C. Z., Guo Q. H. Theoretical Thinking in Sustainable City Construction of China. Huan Jing ke Xue 2009 April; 30(4): 1244-1248.26- Kenworthy J. The Eco-city: Ten Key Transport and Planning Dimensions for Sustainable City Development. Environment and Urbanization 2006 April; 18(1): 67-85.27- Jomepour, M., Hataminejad, H., Shahnavaz, S. Study of the Sustainable Development Status of Rasht city, Using the Ecological Footprint Method". Human Geography Research. 2012; 45(3): 191-208. (In Persian) 28- Feng L., Xusheng L., Xiaoling Z., Dan Z., Hongxiao L., Chuanbin Z., et al. Urban Ecological Infrastructure: An Integrated Network for Ecosystem Services and Sustainable Urban Systems. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017 October; 163: 212-218