اثر نابرابری درآمد بر ارتباط میان رشد اقتصادی و آلودگی محیط زیست در ایران
محورهای موضوعی : اقتصاد محیط زیستفرزانه ملکی 1 , محبوبه فراهتی 2 *
1 - کارشناس ارشد، رشته اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران. *( مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: رشد اقتصادی, آلودگی محیط‌زیست, نابرابری درآمد, ایران,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: هدف اصلی مقاله حاضر بررسی اثر نابرابری درآمد بر ارتباط میان رشد اقتصادی و آلودگی محیط زیست در ایران است. در این راستا، سرانه تولید ناخالص داخلی حقیقی، سرانه انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن (CO2) و ضریب جینی بهترتیب بهعنوان شاخصهایی از رشد اقتصادی، آلودگی محیط‌زیست و نابرابری درآمد بهکار گرفته شدهاند.
روش بررسی: بدین منظور، یک مدل تجربی با استفاده از رویکرد خودرگرسیونی با وقفه‌های توزیعی ( ) و داده‌های مربوط به دوره زمانی 1399-1363 برآورد می‌شود.
یافتهها: نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل همانباشتگی نشان میدهند که در بلندمدت، با افزایش درآمد سرانه، انتشار CO2 ابتدا کاهش مییابد و پس از فرا رسیدن یک آستانه درآمدی معین شروع به افزایش میکند. همچنین، با توجه به یافتهها، با افزایش نابرابری درآمد، آلودگی محیط‌زیست در سطح پایین‌تری از درآمد سرانه به حداقل مقدار خود میرسد. علاوه بر این، نتایج نشان میدهند که تأثیر نابرابری درآمد بر آلودگی محیط‌زیست به سطح درآمد سرانه بستگی دارد و اثر بلندمدت متغیرهای کنترلی مصرف سرانه سوخت‌های فسیلی و سهم ارزش افزوده بخش صنعت و معدن بر آلودگی محیط‌زیست مثبت و از نظر آماری معنادار است.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: این نتایج دلالت بر این دارد که فرضیه منحنی کوزنتس زیست محیطی (EKC) مبنی بر رابطه U معکوس شکل میان رشد اقتصادی و آلودگی محیط زیست برای ایران تأیید نمی‌شود. همچنین، افزایش نابرابری درآمد منجر به انتقال منحنی U-شکل توصیف کنندهی ارتباط میان رشد اقتصادی و آلودگی محیط‌زیست به سمت چپ می‌شود. مهمترین دلالت سیاستی پژوهش حاضر این است که به موازات سیاست‌های رشدی، توزیع عالانه‌تر درآمد میتواند به کاهش آلودگی محیط زیست کمک نماید.
Background and Objective: The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of income inequality on the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in Iran. In this regard, real GDP per capita, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita, and Gini coefficient are used as indicators of economic growth, environmental pollution, and income inequality, respectively.
Material and Methodology: To this end, an empirical model is estimated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and data for the period 1363-1399.
Findings: The results of the cointegration analysis based on the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach show that in the long-run, as income per capita increases, CO2 emissions per capita first decrease and then start increasing after a certain income threshold is reached. Also, according to the findings, With the increase of income inequality, environmental pollution reaches its minimum value at a lower level of per capita income. In addition, the results reveal that the impact of income inequality on environmental pollution depends on the level of per capita income and the long-run effect of the control variables of per capita consumption of fossil fuels and the share of added value of the industry and mining sector on environmental pollution is positive and statistically significant.
Discussion and Conclusion: This result implies that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution does not hold for Iran. also, an increase in income inequality causes a leftward shift of the U-shaped curve describing the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution. The most important political implication of this study is that, parallel to the growth policies, a more equal distribution of income can help reduce environmental pollution.
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