ارزیابی ریسک زیست محیطی مجموعه‌های ورزشی در ارتباط با آلاینده‌های هوا (مطالعه موردی: شمال شرق شهر تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : کالبدی
احمد نامنی
1
,
سید مصطفی طیبی ثانی
2
,
علی فهیمی نژاد
3
,
باقر مرسل
4
1 - گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران
2 - گروه تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه واحد شاهرود، آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران
3 - گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران
4 - گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران
کلید واژه:
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده هدف این مقاله ارزیابی میزان ریسک زیست محیطی مجموعه‌ها و فضاهای ورزشی شمال شرق تهران بر اساس پهنه‌بندی آلودگی هوا با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی GIS و ارائه الگویی برای مدیریت این ریسک است. جامعه آماری مقاله 48 مورد از فضاهای ورزشی شمال شرق تهران است. مراحل انجام پژوهش به این صورت است که ابتدا داده‌های مربوط به شش شاخص آلاینده هوا (منو اکسید کربن، دی‌اکسید گوگرد، دی اکسید ازت، ازن و ذرات معلق) به صورت خام از مرکز پایش آلودگی هوا و شرکت کنترل کیفیت هوای تهران جمع‌آوری و مورد تحلیل قرار می گیرد. سپس با توجه به وزن هر آلاینده و بر اساس درونیابی به روش کریجینگ به تفکیک رستر مربوطه تولید و کلاس بندی بر اساس محدوده حداقل و حداکثر انجام می شود. در نهایت بر اساس جدول شاخص کیفیت هوا طبقه بندی سطح اهمیت ایمنی بهداشتی نیز صورت می گیرد و نقشه مربوطه تهیه و در ادامه اقدام به روی هم گذاری لایه موقعیت مکانی مجموعه‌های ورزشی و لایه‌های پهنه‌بندی آلاینده‌ها خواهد شد. نتایج مقاله نشان می دهد که 22 مجموعه ورزشی از 48 مجموعه مورد مطالعه کانون های دریافت کننده بیشترین بار آلودگی هستند. ارزیابی ریسک زیست محیطی مجموعه‌های ورزشی با توجه به آلاینده‌های هوا ، بر اساس روش ویلیام فاین عدد ریسک 300 را نشان می دهد که نشان دهنده سطح ریسک بالا است. بنابراین نیازمند انجام اقدامات اصلاحی فوری برای کنترل ریسک است. Abstract The purpose of this paper is to assess the environmental risk of the Northeastern sport complexes and sports spaces based on the zoning of air pollution using the GIS Geographic Information System (GIS) and provide a model for managing this risk. The statistical population of the article is 48 items of sports spaces in north east of Tehran. The research process is based on the fact that data from six air pollutant indicators (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and particulate matter) raw materials collect from the Air Pollution Monitoring Center and Tehran air Quality Control Company and analyzed. Then according to the weight of each pollutant and based on interpolation in the Kriging method the corresponding raster is produced and categorized based on the minimum and maximum range. Finally, according to the air quality index table, the classification of the level of importance of health safety will be done and the relevant map will be prepared and then proceed to align the location layer of the sports complexes and the layers of pollutant zoning. The results of the paper show that 22 sports complexes from 48 study groups are the most polluting centers receiving. Environmental risk assessment of sports complexes with regard to air pollutants, based on William Fein's method. Risk number 300 shows which represents a high risk level. Therefore, it needs to take immediate corrective measures to control the risk.
References
Ali Jani, Bohloul(2001), Identification of Tehran Rainforest Brigades Based on Spin Calculations, Geographical Quarterly, Nos. 63 and 64.
Allen H.H., Chia-wei, H., Tsai-Chi K., Wei-Cheng W., 2009, Risk evaluation of green components to hazardous substance using FMEA and FAHP, Expert Systems with Applications., 36,7142-7147.
Arnesano. M., Revel. G.M., Seri. F.A., 2016, tool for the optimal sensor placement to optimize temperature monitoring in large sports spaces, Automation in Construction 68 (2016) 223–234.
Asad Samani, Mahmoud (Translator)(2005), Standard Risk Management, No. 2
Asad Samani, Mahmoud(2005), Standard of Risk Management, Quarterly of Insurance and Development, No. 1
Asilian. H., 2016, Air pollution, Sobhan etd, Vol 3, pp 152.
Azizi, Gh., 2007, Tehran air pollution simulation, Natural Geographic Researchs, Vol 68, 15-32 pp.
Bagheri, Sajjad & Mohammad Reza Lotfi(2016), A Model for Implementing the Risk Management Process in Oil Projects Using the PMBOK Standard, Quarterly of Standard and Quality Management, Year 6, Issue 1, Successive 19.
Bahmanpour, H., Mafi, A., Salajegheh, B., 2013, Study on sport spaces in Tehran mountain, National Olympic Committee, IRAN, 67 pp.
Bahmanpour. H., 2017, Environmental education for managers, Department of environment, I.R.IRAN, PP 233.
Bohling, Geoff, 2005. Kriging. Kansas Geological Survey
Bono. R., Raffaella. D., Marco P., Valeria R., Renato R., 2010, Benzene and formaldehyde in air of two winter Olympic venues of “Torino 2006, journal homepage: www.elsevi e r.com/locate/envint, 2010
Campbell. M., Li. Q., Gingrich, S., Macfarlene. R, 2015, Should people be physically active outdoors on smog alert days? Canad J public health 2015 June; 96(1):24-8.
Carlisle. A.J., Sharp. N.C., 2001, Exercise and outdoor ambient air pollution, Br J Sports Med 2001; 35:214-222.
Florida K, James G. Athens 2004: the pollution climate and athletic performance. J Sports Sci2004; 22:967-80.
Haeri, Mohammad Reza (1999), Political Space and Space Policy in Tehran, Dialogue Quarterly, No. 26.
IARC, 2013, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Latest world cancer statistics Global cancer burden raises to 14.1 million new cases in 2012: Marked increase in breast cancers must be addressed, WHO website.
Jozi, A., Padash, A., 2009, Risk assessment and Management, IAU publisher, 344 pp.
Lashkari, Hasan & Ghasem Keykhosravi(2009), the trend of temperature and freezing changes in Tehran and the similarity of stations with statistical and climatic coefficients during the statistical period (1985-2005), Geography and Planning Quarterly, No. 28.
Lippi, G., Guidi. G.C., Maffulli, N., 2008, Air pollution and sports performance in Beijing. Int J Sports Med 2008 Aug; 29(8):696-8.
Mazlomi, Nader(1992), Risk Management, Quarterly Journal of Accounting, Nos. 91 and 92.
Mohaghegh. S., Hajian. M., 2013, Sport and Air pollution, Scientific Journal of Medical, Vol 31, No 3, 237-249.
Mursouzi, Nafiseh(2004), Development and Social Justice of Tehran, Quarterly Journal of Economic Research (Sustainable Development and Development), No. 14.
Nasibulina, Anastasia, 2015, Education for Sustainable Development and Environmental Ethics. Available online at www.sciencedirect.com, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 214 (2015) 1077 – 1082.
Nichan, Leili (No date), Risk Management What's New? Quarterly, New World Insurance Newsletter-Educational Monthly, No. 186.
Pour Ahmad, Ahmad (1998), The role of climate and geographic structure in air pollution in Tehran, Journal of Geographical Research, No. 34.
Qaed Rahmati, safar and Sirous Ahmadi Noohandani (2016), Study of the problems of political management of space in the city of Tehran, Geographical Quarterly, No. 122.
Qiase-aldin. M., 2015, Air pollution and control, Tehran University Etd, pp 380.
Qu, Y., Liu, Y., Ravi, N., Li, M., 2015. Sustainable development of eco-industrial parks in China: effects of managers' environmental awareness on the relationships between practice and performance. www.elsevier.com/locate/jclepro, Journal of Cleaner Production 87, 2015, 328e338.
Rashidi, Ramin(translator)(2010), From Risk Management to Corporate Risk Management, New World Insurances Quarterly, No. 146
Raziei, Fatemeh(1995), Application of Graphical Information in Urban Studies (Case Study Tehran), Geographic Quarterly, No. 14.
Rohani, A., Tayebi Sani, S.M., Morsal, B., Bahmanpour, H., 2017, Spatial assessment and environmental sustainability assessment of Tehran Shemiran sports complexes in relation to air pollution zoning: towards sustainable development and environmental protection, Quarterly of Geography (Regional Planning), Vol 8, No 1, 215-236 pp.
Saeed Nia, Ahmad (1989), Location of Tehran, The Journal of Environmental Studies, Volume 15, Number 15.
Sensitive Yeganeh, Yahya & Hossein Kazemi(2007), Corporate Governance and Risk Management, Accountant Quarterly, No. 188
Shahbazi, Hossein & Vahid Hosseini (2016), Air Pollution Prediction System of Tehran, Geographic Quarterly Journal, No. 126.
TAQCC, 2016, Teharan Air Quality Control Company, Report of Tehran, Tehran Municipality, Nashr-e- Shahr, pp 265.
Tayebi, S. M. (2016). Identifying between environmental EIS and public participation, Ph.D. Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, 276 p.
USEPA, 2004. An examination of EPA risk assessment principles and practices. EPA/100/B-04/001. Washington (DC): OSA, USEPA; 2004, http://www.epa.gov/OSA/pdfs/ratf-final.pdf [accessed 30.10.13].
WB, 2015, Air pollution cost in global, World Bank Reports, www.worldbank.org/en/.../air-pollution-deaths-cost-global-economy