تبین عوامل موثر محیطی در ایجاد حس امنیت اجتماعی در مجتمع های مسکونی شهر رشت

محورهای موضوعی : کالبدی

سبحان روشن فکر جورشری ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
فرزانه اسدی ملک جهان ² (عضو هیات علمی ، استادیار ،گروه معماری، واحد رشت ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ، رشت، ایران)
نصرالله مولایی هشتجین ³ (عضو هیات علمی، استاد، گروه جغرافیا ، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/06/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/07/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/04/01

کلید واژه: عوامل موثر محیطی, امنیت اجتماعی, مجتمع مسکونی,

چکیده مقاله :

با توجه به گسترش شهرها و مجتمع های مسکونی نیاز به امنیت به یک ساختمان دارای اهمیت بسیاری است در تحقیقات علوم انسانی و به خصوص معماری تبدیل شده است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی عوامل موثر امنیت محیطی در مجتمع های مسکونی صورت گرفت جامعه پژوهش حاضر بیش از 3000 نفر است که با توجه به فرمول کوکران بیش از تعدا 341 نفر از آن ها به عنوان نمونه پژوهش مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته اند که از طریق پرسشنامه محقق ساخت و توزیع آن پرسشنامه، داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار Spss در دو سطح توصیفی و استنباطی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند در این پژوهش از آزمون خی دو، کولموگراف- اسمیرنف و همچنین آزمون هبستگی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است و نتایج تحلیل نشان می دهد که 5 عامل اصلی بر امنیت محیطی و کاهش جرم در مجتمع های مسکونی تاثیر به سزایی دارند. این 5 عامل عبارتند از امنیت فیزیکی، نظارت، ترس از جرم، قلمروپایی، مدیریت و نگهداری که بعد از مقایسه میانگین به ترتیب نظارت با 3.61، امنیت فیزیکی با 3.23، قلمروپایی با 2.84، ترس از جرم 2.83و مدیریت و نگهداری با 2.50 دارای بیشترین تاثیر و امتیاز از دید پاسخ دهندگان دارد.

منابع و مأخذ:

-        References

1. Abdollahzadeh Fard, Alireza, Khosravi, Roja. (2017). The role of reducing the opportunity for crime in promoting the security of urban neighborhoods using a spatial approach (Case study: Saadi and Kooshak Maidan neighborhoods, Shiraz city). Journal of Regional Planning, 7 (28), 191-200.


2. Abdollahzadeh Fard, Alireza, Khosravi, Roja. (2017). The role of reducing the opportunity for crime in promoting the security of urban neighborhoods using a spatial approach (Case study: Saadi and Kooshak Maidan neighborhoods, Shiraz city). Journal of Regional Planning, 7 (28), 191-200.


3. Arabani, E. (2008). Guilan book (Gilan districts). Vol 4, Rasht: Group of Iran's team. (In Persian


4. Armitage, R., Rogerson, M., & Pease, K. (2013). What is good about good design? Exploring the link between housing quality. Built Environment, 140-161.


5. Atlas, R. (2000). Atlas safety and security design, INC. from http://www.cptedsecurity.com.


6. Barani, Mohammad; Kalantari, Mohsen and Jabbari, Kazem (1389). Analysis of spatio-temporal patterns of delinquency in urban areas (Case study: crimes of robbery and evil and extortion in the central part of Tehran), Social Order Quarterly, Second Year, Issue. First, pp. 7-33


7. Barary, Shahrooz. (2013). Investigation of criminal centers of robbery in Rasht city in 2012. Journal of Guilan Disciplinary Knowledge, 2 (5), 97-119.


8. Bayat, Bahram.2008. "Sociological explanation of the feeling of security among the citizens of Tehran". PhD in Sociology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Isfahan, Isfahan.


9. Bechelar,J.(1970)LES phenomenes Revolutionnaires, Paris,PUF.


10. Bemanian, M.V., Mahmoudi Nejad. M. (2009), Security and Urban Design, Tehran: Heleh Publications.


11. Cozens, paul. (2015). Perceptions of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) at Australian Railway Stations, Journal of Public Transportation, Vol.18 No.4, pp.73-92.


12. Crowe, T. D., (2000), Crime Prevention through Environmental Design, Stoneham, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000, PP.87_95.


13. De Donder, Liesbeth; Buffel, Tine; Verte, Dominique; Dury, Sarah; Witte, Nicode (2009), Feelings of Insecurity in Contex: Theoretical Perspectives for Studing Fear of Crime in Late Life, International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol 1, No 1, pp 1-20.


14. Ebdali, Yaghoub (2017) Spatial analysis of quality of life and delinquency in dysfunctional urban contexts (case study: Central Tehran). Master Thesis, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran.


15. Grogan, Paul S., and Tony Proscio. )2000(.Comeback Cities: A Blueprint for Urban Neighborhood Revival. Boulder:Westview Press


16. Grogan, Paul S., and Tony Proscio. )2000(.Comeback Cities: A Blueprint for Urban Neighborhood Revival. Boulder:Westview Press


17. Hara, Yuji & Takeuchi, Kazuiko & Okubo, Satoru(2005) , Urbanization linked with past agricultural land use pattern in the urban fringe of a deltaic a asia meag-city(a cace stady in bankok) ;.Landscape and urban planning 73,pp 16-28;


18. Hipp, J. R., & Kane, K. (2017), Cities and the larger context: What explains changing levels of crime? Journal of Criminal Justice, 49: 32-44.


19. Homesalarm. (2018). Home Security Facts and Statistics. Retrieved 30th October 2018 fromhttps://www.homesalarm.com/home-security-facts/.


20. Jacobs, J. (1961). The death and life of great American cities. New York, Vintage Books, pp.45-52.


21. Kalantari, Mohsen; Abdali, Yaqub; Poorahmad, Ahmad; Ahl Gholipour, Sara (1397). Spatial analysis of quality of life in crime hotspots (case study: central part of Tehran). Journal of Disciplinary Geography, Volume (6), Number (211), pp (1-30)


22. Khani, Ali; Karimi, Mitra; Ashuri, Ali (1387). Intervention approach in Oudaljan, a historical neighborhood in Tehran. The first conference on the improvement and renovation of worn-out urban structures in Holy Mashhad .


23. Kheziri Afravi, Neda, Mazhari, Mohammad Ibrahim, Maki Nairi, Soraya. (2015). Codification of sidewalk design provisions with emphasis on increasing urban security; Case study: Golestan Boulevard, Ahvaz. Journal of Urban Studies, 4 (15), 69-82.


24. Latifi; Gholamreza and Seyed Basatian, Mohammad (2012). Security implications of centralism in the metropolis of Tehran, Journal of Cultural Research, Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Volume 3, Number 1, pp. 1, pp. 123-1


25. Lewis, J. P., Ryves, D. B., Rasmussen, P., Olsen, J., van der Sluis, L. G., Reimer, P. J., ... & Juggins, S. (2020). Marine resource abundance drove pre-agricultural population increase in Stone Age Scandinavia. Nature Communications, 11(1), 1-10.


26. Liang, W., & Yang, M. (2019). Urbanization, economic growth and environmental pollution: Evidence from China. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 21, 1-9.


27. Liang, W., & Yang, M. (2019). Urbanization, economic growth and environmental pollution: Evidence from China. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 21, 1-9.


28. Ma, Ting & Zhou, Yuke & Zhou, Chenghu & Haynie, Susan & Pei, Tao & Xu, Tao(2015), Night-time light derived estimation of spatio-temporal characteristics of urbanization dynamics using DMSP/OLS satellite data, Remote Sensing of Environment 158 (2015),pp 453–464;


29. Maleki, Sadegh; Samadzadeh Yazdi, Sepideh (1396). The role of cultural and indigenous values in reviving the historical context of villages. The Third International Conference on Civil Architecture and Urban Planning at the Beginning of the Third Millennium. Tehran: Alborz University.


30. Maleki, Sadegh; Samadzadeh Yazdi, Sepideh (2017) The role of cultural and indigenous values in revitalizing the historical context of villages. The third international conference on civil architecture and urban planning at the beginning of the third millennium. Tehran: Alborz University


31. Mandel, Robert, 2008, The Changing Face of National Security, Tehran, Institute for Nonprofit Strategic Studies.


32. Marrita-Cascante, David & Stocks, Gabriela(2013) Amenity migration to the global south: Implications for community development, Geoforum 49 (2013), pp 91–102.


33. Masavati Azar, Majid (1985) Social Pathology of Iran (Sociology of Deviations), Nobel Publications, Tabriz.


34. Maslow, A. H (1954), Motivation and Personality, Harper & Row,New York.


35. Mills, E. S., & Song, B. N. (2020). Urbanization and urban problems. Brill.


36. Mills, E. S., & Song, B. N. (2020). Urbanization and urban problems. Brill.


37. Modiri, Athosa (2006). "Study and explanation of the relationship between crime and violence and the feeling of security in public spaces of the city", Social Welfare Research Quarterly, Year 6, No. 22.


38. Mohseni, Reza Ali (2010), Analysis of the Social Society of Social Security and Its Role in Reducing Crime and Social Injuries, Quarterly Journal of Law and Order, No. 2, No.


39. Montgomery, Charles. )2013(.Happy City: Transforming Our Lives through Urban Design. London: Penguin Books Ltd


40. Montgomery, Charles. )2013(.Happy City: Transforming Our Lives through Urban Design. London: Penguin Books Ltd


41. Motalebi, Qasem, Khodadadi Aq Qaleh, Fatemeh, Akbari, Ali. (2016). The effect of feeling of security on residential satisfaction in Hezar Naziabad residential complex in Tehran based on the model (C.P.T.E.D). Journal of Fine Arts - Architecture and Urban Planning, 21 (1), 67-78.


42. Movagharpak, Ali, Faraji, Qasim. (2015). The role of urban planning and design on the feeling of security in residential complexes in Hamadan. Hamedan Law Enforcement Science Quarterly, 2 (4), 53-76.


43. Nasiri, Masoumeh, (2006), Geographical distribution of housing of low-income urban groups and its relationship with addiction: with emphasis on the city of Babol, Iranian Journal of Social Studies, No. 2


44. Osanloo, Ali. (2015). Investigating the effect of distribution of police stations on citizens' sense of security Case study: Shiraz metropolis. Journal of Social Security Studies, 2015 (42), 1-25.


45. Pardo, S. A., Cooper, A. B., Reynolds, J. D., & Dulvy, N. K. (2018). Quantifying the known unknowns: estimating maximum intrinsic rate of population increase in the face of uncertainty. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75(3), 953-963.


46. Pourjafar, Mohammad Reza, Mahmoudinejad, Hadi, Rafieian Mojtaba (2008), "Promoting Environmental Security and Urban Crimes with Emphasis on CPTED Approach International Journal of Engineering Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Special Issue on Architectural and Urban Engineering, Volume 19, Number 16" .


47. Rafieian, Mojtaba and others (2009), Factors affecting the promotion of women's security in urban environments, Collection of Women's Research Articles, Volume 7, Number 3


48. Salehi, Ismail (2009), Environmental planning and design of security in the urban environment, Publications of the Organization of Municipalities and Rural Affairs, pp. 1-1


49. Shie, Ismail, 2007, Preparing the city for children, Tehran, Shahr Publishing.


50. Shokouhi, Mohammad Ajza, 2002, The Role of Employment in the Development of New England Cities, Journal: Geographical Research


51. Stutzel, Jean, (1984), Social Psychology, translated by Ali Mohammad Kardan, Tehran, Institute of Publishing and Printing, University of Tehran.


52. Taheri, Zahra (2009), A Study of Factors Affecting Social Security among Isfahani Citizens, Master Thesis in Social Sciences, University of Isfahan


53. Wilson, J. & Kelling L. (1982) “Broken Windows; The Police and Neighborhood Safety”. The Atlantic Monthly, 249: 29-38.


54. Yousefi, Niloufar, 2014, Security Assessment in Urban Neighborhoods (Case Study of Mardavij and Muftabad Neighborhoods of Isfahan), Quarterly Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, Year 3, Issue 11, pp. 126-113