ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﺗﺎﻻب اﻣﯿﺮﮐﻼﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎی ژﺋﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زمین شناسی محیط زیست
کلید واژه: ﺗﺎﻻب اﻣﯿﺮﮐﻼﯾﻪ, آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ, ژﺋﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ, ﻏﻨﯽ ﺷﺪﮔﯽ, ﺷﺎﺧﺺ زﻣﯿﻦ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﯽ, ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎی آﻣﺎر,
چکیده مقاله :
آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی آﺑﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ و ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻀﻼت اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی آﺑﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺎﻻب ﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺗﺎﻻب اﻣﯿﺮﮐﻼﯾﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﻻب از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﺎ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﺎر آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ، ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻏﻨﯽ ﺷﺪﮔﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ زﻣﯿﻦ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ در رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﻮ د. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر 12 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺗﺎﻻب از ﻣﮑﺎن ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﺮف ﮐﻞ ﺗﺎﻻب ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺟﻤﻊ آوری ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮی ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻢ، آﻫﻦ، ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ، آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ، ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻢ، ﮐﺒﺎﻟﺖ، ﮐﺮوم، ﻣﺲ، ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ، ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪن، ﻧﯿﮑﻞ، ﺳﺮب،واﻧﺎدﯾﻢ و روی در رﺳﻮﺑﺎت اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮی ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﺎی آﻣﺎری ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ای و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ، ﻣﻨﺸﺎء ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﯾﺎ اﻧﺴﺎن زاد اﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ، ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻢ، ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ، ﻣﻮﻟﯿﺒﺪن، ﻧﯿﮑﻞ، ﺳﺮب دارای ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﯾﮏ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ آﻟﻮده ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﺎﻻی ﮐﻮد در اراﺿﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزی ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺗﺎﻻب اﻣﯿﺮﮐﻼﯾﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎی آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ نسبت ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎی ﮐﺸﺎورزی ﺗﺎﻻب ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﭘﺎﮐﯿﺰه ای اﺳﺖ و ﻓﺎﻗﺪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻓﺎﺿﻼب ﻫﺎی ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ.
The pollution of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals is a global issue and one of the main problems in aquatic ecosystems, including wetlands. For this reason, examining the pollution in Amir-Kalayeh wetland was considered as the main goal of this study. In the current research, this wetland was studied in terms of the origin of the contamination, contamination factor, pollution load index, enrichment factor, and geo-accumulation index of elements to evaluate the distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of the area under study. For this purpose, 12 samples were taken from the surface sediments of the wetland from locations that represent the whole wetland and the concentrations of elements such as Al, Fe, Mg, P, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in the sediments were measured. Then, using statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coefficient, cluster analysis and factor analysis, the natural or anthropogenic origin of these elements were determined. According to the results, As, Cd, Mn, Mo, Ni, And Pb have contamination factors over one, which means they have contaminated the area. that is probably caused by agricultural pesticides and Amir-Kalayeh wetland, except for the pollution by agricultural fertilizers, is a fairly clean wetland, with no pollution from domestic and industrial wastes.