رابطه مشارکت اجتماعی و امیدواری به زندگی سالمندان شهرستان آمل
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی
مهدی فضلی
1
*
,
هرمز محمدپور لیما
2
1 - گروه علوم اجتماعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - مربی، گروه مدیریت و حسابداری، واحد آستارا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آستارا، ایران. Hormoz.mohammadpoor@yahoo.com,
کلید واژه: امید به زندگی, تفکر عاملی, سالمندان, مشارکت اجتماعی ,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده مقدمه: افزایش جمعیت سالمندان یک بحران است. بازنشستگی از کار و محدودیت فعالیت ها ی اجتماعی مشکلی است که سالمندان با آن روبرو هستند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه بین مشارکت اجتماعی با امید به زندگی در سالمندان شهرستان آمل صورت پذیرفته است. روش پژوهش: این پژوهش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی – تحلیلی و به صورت مقطعی است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق سالمندان بالای 60 سال تحت پوشش مراکز بهداشتی- درمانی شهرستان آمل بوده است. نمونه ای به حجم 450 نفر با روش نمونه گیری طبقه بندی خوشه ای چند مرحله ای تصادفی انتخاب شدند. برای سنجش متغیرهای پژوهش از پرسشنامه حمایت اجتماعی و پرسشنامه امید به زندگی اسنایدر استفاده شد. داده ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، رگرسیون و آزمون t مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند یافته ها: در پژوهش حاضر، ضریب رگرسیون مشارکت اجتماعی با امیدواری به زندگی در سطح 01/0 معنادار بود(332/0 β=،001/0P <) همچنین بین دو متغیر مشارکت اجتماعی و امید به زندگی رابطه معنادار و مستقیم وجود دارد. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نیز حاکی از این بود که مشارکت اجتماعی توان پیش بینی امید به زندگی سالمندان را دارد. همچنین، بین زنان و مردان مشارکت کننده در پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ مشارکت اجتماعی و امید به زندگی تفاوت معنادار است (001/0(P < به این صورت که مشارکت اجتماعی و امید به زندگی مردان بالاتر از زنان می باشد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتیجه تحقیق حاضر افزایش مشارکت اجتماعی می تواند به ارتقاء امید به زندگی سالمندان منتهی شده، نهایتا کیفیت زندگی مناسبی را برای آن ها فراهم آورد. با توجه به اهمیت سلامت سالمندان پیشنهاد می شود که باید فرصت های بیشتری برای تسهیل مشارکت اجتماعی سالمندان صورت گیرد.
Abstract Introduction: Elders population increase can be considered a crisis. Retirement and limitations in social activities are problems encountered by the elderly. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between social participation and life expectancy among the elderly in Amol city. Method: This study follows a descriptive-analytic design in a cross-sectional framework. The population of the study contains the elderly over 60 years of age under the coverage of Amol city (Mazandaran-Iran) health and treatment centers. A sample of 450 members was selected via multi-phases cluster random method. Snider’s social support and life expectancy questionnaires were used to measure the variables of the study. The data were analyzed via running descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation-coefficient, Regression and T-test. Findings: In the present study, the regression coefficient of social participation was significant with life hopefulness at the level of 0.01 (β=0.332, P=0.001). Further, the results of the regression analysis demonstrated that social participation could have the capacity to anticipate life expectancy among the elderly. The results also indicated that there was a significant difference between male and female participants in terms of social participants as well as life expectancy i.e. social participation and life expectancy were higher in male participants than in female counterparts. Conclusion: The results of the present showed that an increase in social participation could enhance life expectancy among the elderly; and as a result, provide them with a high-quality living. Regarding the importance of the elders’ heath, it is suggested that more opportunities be dedicated to the facilitation of social participation among the elderly.
1. Webber M, Fendt-Newlin M. A review of social participation interventions for people with mental health problems. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2017; 52:369-
80, D.O.I: 10.1007/s00127-017-1372-2
2. Kannus P, Niemi S, Sievänen H, Parkkari J. Declining incidence in fall-induced deaths of older adults: Finnish statistics during 1971–2015. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 2018; 30: 1111-5, DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-0898-9
3. Mehri N, Messkoub M, Kunkel S. Trends, determinants and the implications of population aging in Iran. Ageing International 2020; 45: 327-43, doi:10.1007/s12126-020-09364-z
4. Rezvani Khaledi F, Abdorrahim P. Alternative Futures of population ageing in Iran with Causal Layered Analysis. Strategic management studies of national defense studies [Internet]. 2020; 3(12):373-404. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/383732/en
5. Gomes GC, Moreira RD, Maia TO, Santos MA, Silva VD. Factors associated with personal autonomy among the elderly: a systematic review of the literature. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 2021; 26: 1035-46, PMID: 33729357, DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021263.08222019
6. Woll A, Bratteteig T. Activity theory as a framework to analyze technology-mediated elderly care. Mind, Culture, and Activity 2018; 25: 6-21, https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2017.1375528
7. Srivastava SK, Panigrahi PK. Social participation among the elderly: Moderated mediation model of information and communication technology (ICT). Communications of the Association for Information Systems 2019; 44: 33, DOI:10.17705/1CAIS.04433
8. Ichida Y, Hirai H, Kondo K, Kawachi I, Takeda T, Endo H. Does social participation improve self-rated health in the older population? A quasi-experimental intervention study.
Soc Sci Med. 2013; 94:83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.05.006. Epub 2013 May 18. PMID: 23931949.
9. Mansouri T, Farhadi A, Borhaninejad VR, Kujaei Bidgoli A, Nawabi SD, Hossein Abadi
R. Factors and obstacles affecting the social participation of the elderly. North Khorasan Journal of Medical Sciences 2017; 9(4) 65-7. (Persian). D.o.i: 10.29252/nkjmd-090410
10- Kermani Z, Khedapanahi MK, Heydari M. Psychometric characteristics of Snyder's hope scale. Journal of Applied Psychology 2011; 5, 3(19): 7-23. url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146151913} (Persian).
11- Estakhri Z, Tajikzadeh F, Kazemi SA. Comparison of the Role of Religious Beliefs in Hopefulness and Quality of Life among Cancer and Non-cancer Patients in Shiraz, Iran.
Religion and Health, 2016; 4(2): 1-11 URL: http://jrh.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-333-en.html (Persian).
12- Snydre CR, Berg C, Woodware JT, Gum A, Rand KL, Wrobleski KK, et al. Hope against cold: individual differences in trait hope and acute pain tolerance on the cold pressor task. Journal of Personality. 2005; 73(2):287-312. PMID: 15745432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00318.x
13- Bonab BG, Lavasani M, Rahimi H. Hope, purpos in life, and mental health in college students. International Journal of the Humanisties. 2007; 5(5):127-32 DOI:10.18848/1447-9508/CGP/v05i05/42113 (Persian).
14- Nasiri HA, Joukar B. The relationship between life's meaningfulness, hope, happiness, life satisfaction and depression in a group of employed women. Women Development and
Politics. 2008; 6(2):157-76, https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_27413_en.html (Persian).
15- Mahdavi SG. Sociological analysis of aging with emphasis on social welfare services for elderly of Iran , Tehran: Group of charitable women. 2000. (Persian). 16. Yazdani A, Fekrazad H, Sajadi H, Salehi M. Relationship between social participation and general health among the elderly. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2015; 18(10):e74009. https://doi.org/10.22110/jkums.v18i10.2298. (Persian).
17. Moradi S, Fekrazad H, Mousavi M T, Arshi M. The Study of Relationship Between Social
Participation and Quality of Life of Old People Who Member of Senior Association Are of
Tehran City in 2011. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2013; 7 (4):41-46, URL: http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-655-en.html
18. Darvishpoor Kakhki A, Abed Saeedi Z, Delavar A, Saeed-O-Zakerin M. Autonomy in the elderly: A phenomenological study. Hakim Research Journal. 2010; 12(4): 10, https://jhpm.ir/article-1-346-en.pdf (Persian).
19. Yazdanpanah L. Barriers of social participation in people of Tehran. Social Welfare Quarterly.2007; 7(26):105-130(Persian).
20. Gasemi H, Harirchiey M, Masnavi AA, Rahgozar M, Akbarian M. Quality of life of elderly people in community and aged care centers. Social Welfare Quarterly. 2010; 10(39):177-200 (Persian).
21. Darvishpoor Kakhki A. Understanding of health concept and developing a model and instrument for measuring of health status of the elderly. Dissertation for Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. 2010(Persian).
22. Mansouri T, Farhadi A, Borhaninejad V, Kajaei Bidgoli A, Nawabi SD, Hossein Abadi R. Factors and obstacles affecting the social participation of the elderly. North Khorasan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017; 9(3): 65-73(Persian).
23. Darvishpoor Kakhki A, Abed Saeedi Z, Abbaszadeh A. Social participation, barriers, and related factors in older people in Tehran. J Health Promot Manage. 2014; 3(4):65-73. URL: http://jhpm.ir/article-1-346-en.html (Persian).
24. Borhaninejad V, Nabvi S, Lotfalinezhad E, Amini F, Mansouri T. Relationship between Social participation and life satisfaction among older people. J North Khorasan Univ Med Sci. 2016; 8(4):701-11. (Persian).
25. Jafarinia G. Study of socio - economic factors affecting the political participation of citizens Khormoj. J Polit Sci. 2012; 7(2):87 - 122. (Persian).