comparing the effect of exercise, following religious beliefs and music on anxiety in medical staff due to corona virus
Subject Areas : Exercise Physiology and PerformanceAli Saberi 1 , Samad Goodarzi 2
1 - Department of Management and Accounting, university of Tehran, Tehran. Iran.
2 - Department of Management and Accounting, university of Tehran, Tehran. Iran.
Keywords: Exercise, religiosity, Corona, anxiety, treatment staff,
Abstract :
Background: Rapid outbreak of the corona virus disease, constant contact with contaminated and high-risk environments, and increasing numbers of mortality from coronavirus have affected anxiety level, increasing the medical staff stress and anxiety that not only weaken the immune system and make them vulnerable to coronavirus disease but also it may prevent the treatment staff from fighting with coronavirus. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the effect of exercise, following the religious beliefs and listening to music on anxiety level due to treatment staff coronavirus .Methods: This quasi-experimental study is performed with pre-test and post-test with 6 experimental groups and a control group. The study’s population was all the hospitals’ treatment staff in the southern part of Iran (Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Khuzestan provinces) that provided services to Corona virus patients. The sample size was 77 people who were randomly and purposefully selected.Results: The results of the dependent t-test showed that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores in the exercise volunteers groups, following religious beliefs volunteers, listening to music volunteers and random exercise, which showed their effect on reducing Corona virus anxiety level in the treatment staff. There is no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the control group, the following religious random group and the listening to music random group.Conclusion: Exercise and physical activity due to the predominance of physical and physiological aspects, whether it is the desire of the treatment staff or not according to their desire, reduces anxiety level in the treatment staff. However, following religious beliefs and listening to music, due to the predominance of its spiritual and doctrinal dimension, reduces the anxiety level of the medical staff only when it is based on one's wishes and desires.
1-Zhu Y, Chen W, Xin X, Yin Y, Hu J, Lv H, et al. Epidemiologic characteristics of traumatic fractures in elderly patients during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. International Orthopaedics. 2020;44:1565-70. DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04575-0
2-Paraskevis D, Kostaki EG, Magiorkinis G, Panayiotakopoulos G, Sourvinos G, Tsiodras. Full-genome evolutionary analysis of the novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) rejects the hypothesis of emergence as a result of a recent recombination event. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2020;79:104212. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104212
3-Cai H, Tu B, Ma J, Chen L, Fu L, Jiang Y, et al. Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in Hunan between January and March 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2020;26:e924171-1. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.924171
4-Tsamakis K, Rizos E, Manolis AJ, Chaidou S, Kympouropoulos S, Spartalis E, et al. [Comment] COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health of healthcare professionals. Experimental and therapeutic medicine. 2020;19(6):3451-3. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8646
5-Weilenmann S, Ernst J, Petry H, Pfaltz MC, Sazpinar O, Gehrke S, et al. Health care workers' mental health during the first weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Switzerland—a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2021;12:594340. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.594340
6-Bajema KL, Oster AM, McGovern OL, Lindstrom S, Stenger MR, Anderson TC, et al. Persons evaluated for 2019 novel coronavirus—United States, January 2020. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2020;69(6):166. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6906e1
7-Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2020;87:11-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
8-Stubbs B, Vancampfort D, Rosenbaum S, Firth J, Cosco T, Veronese N, et al. An examination of the anxiolytic effects of exercise for people with anxiety and stress-related disorders: a meta-analysis. Psychiatry research. 2017;249:102-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.020
9-Caliskan H, Akat F, Tatar Y, Zaloglu N, Dursun AD, Bastug M, et al. Effects of exercise training on anxiety in diabetic rats. Behavioural brain research. 2019;376:112084. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112084
10-Abedpoor N, Taghian F, Hajibabaie F. Physical activity ameliorates the function of organs via adipose tissue in metabolic diseases. Acta histochemica. 2022;124(2):151844. DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151844
11-Beck EN, Wang MT, Intzandt BN, Almeida QJ, Ehgoetz Martens KA. Sensory focused exercise improves anxiety in Parkinson’s disease: A randomized controlled trial. Plos one. 2020;15(4):e0230803. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230803
12-Marlier M, Van Dyck D, Cardon G, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Babiak K, Willem A. Interrelation of sport participation, physical activity, social capital and mental health in disadvantaged communities: A SEM-analysis. PloS one. 2015;10(10):e0140196. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140196
13-Ganjou M, Akbari Z. A comparative study on the effects of holly Quran and music sound on student, s text anxiety. Complementary Medicine Journal. 2013;3(2):471-80.
14-Rashidi M, Rashidypour A, Ghorbani R, Diyanat H, Shahvaranian M. The comparison of aerobic and anaerobic exercise effects on depression and anxiety in students. Koomesh. 2017;19(2).
15-Salesi M, Shakoor E, Pooranfar S, Koushkie Jahromi M, Roozbeh J. The Effect of a selected exercise on, stress, anxiety and depression. Pars Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022;12(3):38-1. DOI: 10.29252/JMJ.12.3.38
16-Naderi S, Naderi S, Delavar A, Dortaj F. The effect of physical exercise on anxiety among the victims of child abuse. Sport Sciences for Health. 2019;15:519-25. DOI:10.1007/s11332-019-00538-0
17-Huang J, Zheng Y, Gao D, Hu M, Yuan T. Effects of exercise on depression, anxiety, cognitive control, craving, physical fitness and quality of life in methamphetamine-dependent patients. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020;10:999. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00999
18-Bartley CA, Hay M, Bloch MH. Meta-analysis: aerobic exercise for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2013;45:34-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.04.016
19-Arent SM, Walker AJ, Arent MA. The effects of exercise on anxiety and depression. Handbook of sport psychology. 2020:872-90. DOI:10.1002/9781119568124.ch42
20-Abdel-Khalek AM, Nuño L, Gómez-Benito J, Lester D. The relationship between religiosity and anxiety: A meta-analysis. Journal of religion and health. 2019;58:1847-56. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00881-z
21-Safara M, Salmabadi M. The Moderating Role of Religiosity in Relationship between Number of Children and Anxiety of Mothers with a Single Child and two or more Children. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2019;5(1):7-18. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i1.16110
22-Saleem T, Saleem S. Religiosity and death anxiety: A study of Muslim dars attendees. Journal of religion and health. 2020;59:309-17. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00783-0
23-Yeary KH-cK, Ounpraseuth S, Moore P, Bursac Z, Greene P. Religion, social capital, and health. Review of Religious Research. 2012;54:331-47. DOI:10.1007/s13644-011-0048-8
24-Sellers TB. The Relationship Between Religious Background of those who Disaffiliate from Religion and Presence of Anxiety. 2019.
25-Ramírez LF, Palacios-Espinosa X, Dyar C, Lytle A, Levy SR. The relationships among aging stereotypes, aging anxiety, social support, religiosity, and expected health among Colombians. Journal of Adult Development. 2019;26:57-70. DOI:10.1007/s10804-018-9299-8
26-Pfeifer S, Waelty U. Anxiety, depression, and religiosity—a controlled clinical study. Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 1999;2(1):35-45. DOI:10.1080/13674679908406330
27-Paglione HB, Oliveira PCd, Mucci S, Roza BdA, Schirmer J. Quality of life, religiosity, and anxiety and depressive symptoms in liver transplantation candidates. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. 2019;53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220x2018010203459
28-Ayten A, Korkmaz S. The relationships between religiosity, prosociality, satisfaction with life and generalised anxiety: A study on Turkish Muslims. Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 2019;22(10):980-93. DOI:10.1080/13674676.2019.1695246
29-Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M, Salehi M, Kazemi N. The effectiveness of music therapy and relaxation on blood pressure and pulse in the elderly with hypertension. Aging Psychology. 2017;2(4):293-303.
30-Seinfeld S, Bergstrom I, Pomes A, Arroyo-Palacios J, Vico F, Slater M, et al. Influence of music on anxiety induced by fear of heights in virtual reality. Frontiers in psychology. 2016;6:1969. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01969
31-Ainscough S, Windsor L, Tahmassebi J. A review of the effect of music on dental anxiety in children. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2019;20:23-6. DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-0380-6
32-Gosselin KP, Holland B, Mulcahy A, Williamson S, Widacki A. Music for anxiety reduction and performance enhancement in nursing simulation. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 2016;12(1):16-23. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2015.12.002
33-Karadag E, Uğur Ö, Çetinayak O. The effect of music listening intervention applied during radiation therapy on the anxiety and comfort level in women with early-stage breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial. European journal of integrative medicine. 2019;27:39-44. DOI:10.1016/j.eujim.2019.02.003
34-Ergin E, Çinar Yücel Ş. The effect of music on the comfort and anxiety of older adults living in a nursing home in Turkey. Journal of religion and health. 2019;58:1401-14. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00811-z