The effect of massage as a complementary therapy on fatigue and quality of life in females with Multiple Sclerosis
Subject Areas : Exercise Physiology and Performance
Elham Eftekhari
1
,
Moradmand Elham
2
1 - Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
2 - Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
Keywords: Fatigue, quality of life, Multiple Sclerosis, massage,
Abstract :
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system disorder that can impair the sensory and motor-nerve system by destroying the myelin sheath. These may lead to fatigue and Quality of Life (QoL). This study investigated the effect of eight-week massage as a complementary therapy on fatigue, Physical Component Health (PhCH), Psychological Component Health (PsCH), and QoL in MS female patients.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 MS females with EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Score) = 2 – 5 were enrolled. After a briefing and obtaining consent, the subjects were pre-tested. The subjects were randomly divided into Control (n= 10) and experimental (n= 10) groups. The massage therapy was performed for eight-week (two sessions of 30 minutes per week). Fatigue and Quality of Life were assessed at the beginning and end of the protocol using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and Quality of Life Short Form Questionnaire (SF-36), respectively.Results: Twenty females MS patients (age= 26-44 yr., weight= 53.-87 Kg, BMI (Body Mass Index) =24. 32 Kg.m-1) completed the study period. Data demonstrated a significant decrease in fatigue (F= 45.38, p= 0.001), a significant increase in PhCH (F= 21.60, P= 0.001), PsCH (F= 5.42, P= 0.001), and QoL (F= 22.67, P= 0.001).Conclusion: Massage can be a non-invasive, safe, low-cost, and complementary intervention to improve fatigue and quality of life in MS patients.
1-Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet (London, England). 2002;359(9313):1221-31. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08220-X
2-Walton C, King R, Rechtman L, Kaye W, Leray E, Marrie RA, et al. Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition. Mult Scler. 2020;26(14):1816-21. DOI: 10.1177/1352458520970841
3-Multiple Sclerosis International Federation. (MSIF). 2020. DOI: 10.1155/2016/8304273
4-Etemadifar M, Izadi S, Nikseresht A, Sharifian M, Sahraian MA, Nasr Z. Estimated prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in Iran. European neurology. 2014;72(5-6):370-4. DOI: 10.1159/000365846
5-Henze T, Rieckmann P, Toyka KV. Symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group (MSTCG) of the German Multiple Sclerosis Society. European neurology. 2006;56(2):78-105. DOI: 10.1159/000095699
6-Capone F, Collorone S, Cortese R, Di Lazzaro V, Moccia M. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: The role of thalamus. Mult Scler. 2020;26(1):6-16. DOI: 10.1177/1352458519851247
7-Bass AD, Van Wijmeersch B, Mayer L, Mäurer M, Boster A, Mandel M, et al. Effect of Multiple Sclerosis on Daily Activities, Emotional Well-being, and Relationships: The Global vsMS Survey. International journal of MS care. 2020;22(4):158-64. DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2018-087
8-Moyer CA, Rounds J, Hannum JW. A meta-analysis of massage therapy research. Psychological bulletin. 2004;130(1):3. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.1.3
9-Meftahi N, Bervis S, Taghizadeh S, Ghafarinejad F. Effects of Massage in Prone Position on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Healthy Women. Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research. 2014;1(2):40-3.DOI: https://doi.org/10.30476/jrsr.2014.41053
10-Lindgren L, Rundgren S, Winsö O, Lehtipalo S, Wiklund U, Karlsson M, et al. Physiological responses to touch massage in healthy volunteers. Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical. 2010;158(1-2):105-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.06.011
11-Field T, Diego M, Hernandez-Reif M. Massage therapy research. Developmental Review. 2007;27(1):75-89.DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.07.002
12-Field TM. Massage therapy effects. American Psychologist. 1998;53(12):1270.
13-Kim S, Chang L, Weinstock-Guttman B, Gandhi S, Jakimovski D, Carl E, et al. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Usage by Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Results from a Prospective Clinical Study. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, NY). 2018;24(6):596-602. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0268
14-Huntley A, Ernst E. Complementary and alternative therapies for treating multiple sclerosis symptoms: a systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2000;8(2):97-105. DOI: 10.1054/ctim.2000.0366
16-SAJADI M, Davodabady F, EBRAHIMI MONFARED M. The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Fatigue, Sleep Quality and Anxiety in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE. 2020;7(3):-. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102270
17-Backus D, Manella C, Bender A, Sweatman M. Impact of Massage Therapy on Fatigue, Pain, and Spasticity in People with Multiple Sclerosis: a Pilot Study. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2016;9(4):4-13. DOI: 10.3822/ijtmb.v9i4.327
17-Honarvar s, rahnama n, nouri r. Effects of six weeks massage on the balance, fatigue and quality of life in patients with ms. Journal of research sport rehabilitation. 2015;2(4):-.
18-Frost-Hunt A. Effects of Massage Therapy on Multiple Sclerosis: a Case Report. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2020;13(4):35-41. DOI:10.3822/ijtmb.v13i4.545
19-Salarvand S, Heidari ME, Farahi K, Teymuri E, Almasian M, Bitaraf S. Effectiveness of massage therapy on fatigue and pain in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical. 2021;7(2):20552173211022779. DOI: 10.1177/20552173211022779
20-Arab M, Radfar A, Madadizadeh N, Sadat Afsharian Pour Z, Karzari Z. The effect of massage therapy on fatigue of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Adv Pharm Educ Res. 2019;9:44-9.
21-Ozdelikara A, Agcadiken Alkan S. The Effects of Reflexology on Fatigue and Anxiety in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Alternative therapies in health and medicine. 2018;24(4):8-13.
22-Dilek Doğan H, Tan M. Effects of Reflexology on Pain, Fatigue, and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Clinical Study. Alternative therapies in health and medicine. 2021;27(5):14-22.
23-Atashi V, Siboni FS, Khatoni M, Alimoradi Z, Panah HM. The Effect of SSBM Massage on Anxiety and Fatigue of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences. 2014;4(8):217-23.
24-Naji SA, Bahraini S, Mannani R, Bekhradi R. The Effect of Aromatherapy Massage on the Fatigue Severity in Women with Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 1970;18(3):172-8.
25-Miller L, McIntee E, Mattison P. Evaluation of the effects of reflexology on quality of life and symptomatic relief in multiple sclerosis patients with moderate to severe disability; a pilot study. Clinical rehabilitation. 2013;27(7):591-8. DOI: 10.1177/0269215512469383
26-Hughes CM, Smyth S, Lowe-Strong AS. Reflexology for the treatment of pain in people with multiple sclerosis: a double-blind randomised sham-controlled clinical trial. Mult Scler. 2009;15(11):1329-38. DOI: 10.1177/1352458509345916
27-Sajadi M, Davodabady F, Naseri-Salahshour V, Harorani M, Ebrahimi-Monfared M. The effect of foot reflexology on constipation and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020;48:102270. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102270
28-Siev-Ner I, Gamus D, Lerner-Geva L, Achiron A. Refiexology treatment relieves symptoms of multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled study. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 2003;9(4):356-61. DOI: 10.1191/1352458503ms925oa
29-Negahban H, Rezaie S, Goharpey S. Massage therapy and exercise therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled pilot study. Clinical rehabilitation. 2013;27(12):1126-36. DOI: 10.1177/0269215513491586
30-Backus D, Manella C, Bender A, Sweatman M. Impact of Massage Therapy on Fatigue, Pain, and Spasticity in People with Multiple Sclerosis: a Pilot Study. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2016;9(4):4-13. DOI: 10.3822/ijtmb.v9i4.327
31-Nazari F, Soheili M, Hosseini S, Shaygannejad V. A comparison of the effects of reflexology and relaxation on pain in women with multiple sclerosis. Journal of complementary & integrative medicine. 2016;13(1):65-71. DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0046
32-Hernandez-Reif M, Field T, Field T, Theakston H. Multiple sclerosis patients benefit from massage therapy. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 1998;2(3):168-74.
33-Bahraini s, naji sa, mannani r, bekhradi r. The effect of massage therapy on the quality of sleep in women with multiple sclerosis being admitted by isfahan m.s. association. Journal of urmia nursing and midwifery faculty. 2011;8(4):-.
34-McClurg D, Hagen S, Hawkins S, Lowe-Strong A. Abdominal massage for the alleviation of constipation symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled feasibility study. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 2010;17(2):223-33. DOI: 10.1177/1352458510384899
35-McClurg D, Goodman K, Hagen S, Harris F, Treweek S, Emmanuel A, et al. Abdominal massage for neurogenic bowel dysfunction in people with multiple sclerosis (AMBER - Abdominal Massage for Bowel Dysfunction Effectiveness Research): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2017;18(1):150. DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1890-y
36-McClurg D, Hagen S, Hawkins S, Lowe-Strong A. Abdominal massage for the alleviation of constipation symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled feasibility study. Mult Scler. 2011;17(2):223-33. DOI: 10.1177/1352458510384899
37-Akbari A, Shamsaei F, Sadeghian E, Mazdeh M, Tapak L. Effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on self-esteem and self-efficacy in multiple sclerosis patients: A clinical trial study. Journal of education and health promotion. 2022;11:8. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_272_21
38-Finch P, Bessonnette S. A pragmatic investigation into the effects of massage therapy on the self efficacy of multiple sclerosis clients. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2014;18(1):11-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.04.001
39-Finch P, Bessonnette S. A pragmatic investigation into the effects of massage therapy on the self efficacy of multiple sclerosis clients. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2014;18(1):11-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.04.001
40-Finch P, Becker P. Changes in the self-efficacy of multiple sclerosis clients following massage therapy. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2007;11(3):267-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.04.001
41-Schroeder B, Doig J, Premkumar K. The effects of massage therapy on multiple sclerosis patients' quality of life and leg function. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 2014;2014:640916. DOI: 10.1155/2014/640916
42-Elliott JA, Smith HS. Handbook of Acute Pain Management: CRC Press; 2016.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b13785
43-Norris CM. The Complete Guide to Clinical Massage: Bloomsbury Publishing; 2013.
44-McAtee RE. Sport Massage for Injury Care: Human Kinetics; 2019.
45-Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences: Routledge; 2013. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
46-Kaada B, Torsteinbø O. Increase of plasma beta-endorphins in connective tissue massage. General pharmacology. 1989;20(4):487-9. DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(89)90200-0
47-Hepple RT. The role of O2 supply in muscle fatigue. Canadian journal of applied physiology = Revue canadienne de physiologie appliquee. 2002;27(1):56-69. DOI: 10.1139/h02-004
48-Nielsen OB, de Paoli F, Overgaard K. Protective effects of lactic acid on force production in rat skeletal muscle. The Journal of physiology. 2001;536(Pt 1):161-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00161.x
49-Guan L, Collet J-P, Yuskiv N, Skippen P, Brant R, Kissoon N. The Effect of Massage Therapy on Autonomic Activity in Critically Ill Children. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2014;2014:656750. DOI: 10.1155/2014/656750
50-Bakar Y, Coknaz H, Karlı Ü, Semsek Ö, Serın E, Pala Ö O. Effect of manual lymph drainage on removal of blood lactate after submaximal exercise. Journal of physical therapy science. 2015;27(11):3387-91. DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.3387
51-Field T, Grizzle N, Scafidi F, Schanberg S. Massage and relaxation therapies' effects on depressed adolescent mothers. Adolescence. 1996;31(124):903-11.
52-Moyer CA, Rounds J, Hannum JW. A meta-analysis of massage therapy research. Psychol Bull. 2004;130(1):3-18. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.1.3
53-Moyer CA, Seefeldt L, Mann ES, Jackley LM. Does massage therapy reduce cortisol? A comprehensive quantitative review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2011;15(1):3-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.06.001
54-Ulrich-Lai YM, Herman JP. Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses. Nature reviews Neuroscience. 2009;10(6):397-409. DOI: 10.1038/nrn2647
55-Field T, Hernandez-Reif M, Diego M, Schanberg S, Kuhn C. Cortisol decreases and serotonin and dopamine increase following massage therapy. The International journal of neuroscience. 2005;115(10):1397-413. DOI: 10.1080/00207450590956459
56-Day JA, Mason RR, Chesrown SE. Effect of massage on serum level of beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin in healthy adults. Physical therapy. 1987;67(6):926-30. DOI: 10.1093/ptj/67.6.926
57-Harris M, Richards KC. The physiological and psychological effects of slow-stroke back massage and hand massage on relaxation in older people. Journal of clinical nursing. 2010;19(7-8):917-26. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03165.x
58-Rodríguez-Mansilla J, González López-Arza MV, Varela-Donoso E, Montanero-Fernández J, González Sánchez B, Garrido-Ardila EM. The effects of ear acupressure, massage therapy and no therapy on symptoms of dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical rehabilitation. 2015;29(7):683-93. DOI: 10.1177/0269215514554240
59-Yang YP, Wang CJ, Wang JJ. Effect of Aromatherapy Massage on Agitation and Depressive Mood in Individuals With Dementia. Journal of gerontological nursing. 2016;42(9):38-46. DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20160615-03
60-Zhao H, Gu W, Zhang M. Massage Therapy in Nursing as Nonpharmacological Intervention to Control Agitation and Stress in Patients With Dementia. Alternative therapies in health and medicine. 2020;26(6):29-33. PMID: 32088672