بررسی فیتوشیمیایی، ضدمیکروبی، ضدسرطانی و ضدآلزایمری عصارۀ هیدروالکلی برگ گیاه دارویی Eucalyptus globulus L. در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
محورهای موضوعی : فیتوشیمی
مرتضی کریم پور
1
(گروه زیست شناسی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
امیر آراسته
2
(گروه زیست شناسی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران)
کلید واژه: آنتی اکسیدان, آلزایمر, فیتوشیمی, آنتی باکتریال, اوکالیپتوس,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش به ارزیابی فیتوشیمیایی، ضدمیکروبی، ضدسرطانی و ضدآلزایمری عصارۀ برگ گیاه اکالیپتوس (Eucalyptus globulus L.) پرداخته است. برگ های تازه گیاه در پاییز 1396 از حومه رشت جمع آوری گردید. عصاره گیری به روش خیساندن و ترکیبات عصاره با روش گازکروماتوگرافی جرمی تعیین گردید. اثر ضدمیکروبی عصاره علیه باکتری های استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس، اشریشیاکلی، لیستریا مونوسیتوژنز و سالمونلا تیفی موریوم با روش انتشار در آگار بررسی شد و مقادیر MIC و MBC آن تعیین گردید. اثر ضدسرطانی با آزمون MTT روی رده سلولی سرطان روده انجام شد و اثر آنتی اکسیدانی با روش DPPH و اثر مهاری عصاره بر تولید نانورشته های آمیلوئیدی با طیف سنجی کنگورد تعیین گردید. ترکیبات اکالیپتول و گلوبولول بیشترین فراوانی را در عصاره داشتند. قطر هالۀ عدم رشد عصارۀ هیدروالکلی اکالیپتوس در روش چاهک روی باکتری‌های اشرشیاکلی، استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس، لیستریا مونوسیتوژنز و سالمونلا تیفی موریوم به‌ترتیب 12، 22، 26 و 15 میلی‌متر و نتایج MIC و MBC در باکتری های اشرشیاکلی و استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس به‌ترتیب 0/625 و 1/25 و در لیستریا مونوسیتوژنز به‌ترتیب 1/25 و 2/5 و در سالمونلا تیفی موریوم نیز به‌ترتیب 5 و 10 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر به دست آمد. بیش ترین فعالیت ضدسرطانی در غلظت 100 و بیش ترین اثر آنتی‌اکسیدانی در غلظت 10 و بیش ترین مهار تولید نانو رشته های آمیلوئیدی در غلظت 0/4 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر از عصاره مشاهده شد. عصارۀ اکالیپتوس به‌دلیل دارا بودن خاصیت ضدمیکروبی، آنتی‌اکسیدانی و آنتی‌آمیلوئیدی می‌تواند به درمان عفونت، کاهش رشد سلول های سرطانی و عوارض ناشی از بیماری آلزایمر کمک کند.
This research evaluated the phytochemical, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-Alzheimer properties of eucalyptus leaf extract (Eucalyptus globulus L.). The fresh leaves of the plant were collected from the suburbs of Rasht in the fall 2016. Extraction was done by maceration method and the composition of the extract was determined by GC-MS method. The antimicrobial effects of the extract were investigated on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium by agar well diffusion method and its MIC and MBC values were determined. The anticancer effect was determined by MTT test on the colon cancer cell line, the antioxidant effect was determined by DPPH method, and the inhibitory effect of the extract on the production of amyloid nano-fibrils was determined by Congored spectroscopy. Eucalyptol and Globulol were the most abundant in the extract. The diameter of the halo of non-growth of Eucalyptus hydro-alcoholic extract in the well diffusion method on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium were 12, 22, 26, and 15 mm, respectively. Also, the results of MIC and MBC in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 0.625 and 1.25, respectively. These results in Listeria monocytogenes were 1.25 and 2.5; also, the results of MIC and MBC in Salmonella Typhimurium were 5 and 10 mg/ml, respectively. The highest anticancer activity, antioxidant effect, and inhibition of the production of amyloid nano-fibrils were observed at 100, 10, and 0.4 mg/ml of the extract, respectively. Due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti–amyloidogenic properties, eucalyptus extract can help treat infection and reduce the growth of cancer cells and the complications of Alzheimer's disease.
Abbasi, N., Khalighi, Z., Eftekhari, Z., Bahmani, M., 2020. Extraction and phytoanalysis of chemical compounds of Eucalyptus globulus leaf native to Dehloran, Ilam province, Iran by HS-SPME and GC-MS. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 8: 647-652.
Abiri, R., Atabaki, N., Sanusi, R., Malik, S., Abiri, R., Safa, P., Shukor, N.A.A., Abdul-Hamid, H., 2021. New insights into the biological properties of eucalyptus-derived essential oil: A promising green anti-cancer drug. Food Reviews International, 1-36.
Al-Harrasi, A., Bhatia, S., Behl, T., Kaushik, D., 2022. Essential oils in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, role of essential oils in the management of covid-19. CRC Press, pp. 319-328.
Ameur, E., Sarra, M., Yosra, D., Mariem, K., Nabil, A., Lynen, F., Larbi, K.M., 2021. Chemical composition of essential oils of eight tunisian Eucalyptus species and their antibacterial activity against strains responsible for otitis. BMC Complement Med Ther 21, 209.
Arasteh, A., Habibi-Rezaei, M., Ebrahim-Habibi, A., Moosavi-Movahedi, A.A., 2012. Response surface methodology for optimizing the bovine serum albumin fibrillation. The protein journal, 31: 457-465.
Bahadirli, N.P., 2022. Comparison of chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Salvia fruticosa mill. and S. Aramiensis rech. fill.(Lamiaceae). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 25: 716-727.
Bhuyan, D.J., Sakoff, J., Bond, D.R., Predebon, M., Vuong, Q.V., Chalmers, A.C., van Altena, I.A., Bowyer, M.C., Scarlett, C.J., 2017. In vitro anticancer properties of selected Eucalyptus species. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Animal, 53: 604-615.
Celeiro, M., Lamas, J.P., Arcas, R., Lores, M., 2019. Antioxidants profiling of by-products from Eucalyptus greenboards manufacture. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 8.
Dhakad, A.K., Pandey, V.V., Beg, S., Rawat, J.M., Singh, A., 2018. Biological, medicinal and toxicological significance of eucalyptus leaf essential oil: a review. J Sci Food Agric, 98: 833-848.
Diloksumpun, S., Wongkattiya, N., Buaban, K., Saleepochn, T., Suttiarporn, P., Luangkamin, S., 2022. Variation in the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils of five new Eucalyptus urophylla st blake clones in thailand. Molecules, 27: 680.
Elansary, H.O., Salem, M.Z.M., Ashmawy, N.A., Yessoufou, K., El-Settawy, A.A.A., 2017. In vitro antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of Eucalyptus spp. leaf extracts related to phenolic composition. Nat Prod Res, 3: 2927-2930.
Fayyazbakhsh, A., Koutný, M., Kalendová, A., Šašinková, D., Julinová, M., Kadlečková, M., 2022. Selected simple natural antimicrobial terpenoids as additives to control biodegradation of polyhydroxy butyrate. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23: 14079.
Kazak, F., 2022. A bioactive compound: eucalyptol. functional foods and nutraceuticals: bioactive compounds. Lyon, France: Livre de Lyon, 125-138.
Kim, D.Y., Kang, M.-K., Lee, E.-J., Kim, Y.-H., Oh, H., Kim, S.-I., Oh, S.Y., Na, W., Kang, Y.-H., 2020a. Eucalyptol inhibits amyloid-β-induced barrier dysfunction in glucose-exposed retinal pigment epithelial cells and diabetic eyes. Antioxidants, 9: 1000.
Kim, D.Y., Kang, M.K., Lee, E.J., Kim, Y.H., Oh, H., Kim, S.I., Oh, S.Y., Na, W., Kang, Y.H., 2020b. Eucalyptol inhibits amyloid-β-induced barrier dysfunction in glucose-exposed retinal pigment epithelial cells and diabetic eyes. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 9.
Li, D., Ilnytskyy, Y., Ghasemi Gojani, E., Kovalchuk, O., Kovalchuk, I., 2022. Analysis of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties of 25 high-thc cannabis extracts. Molecules, 27: 6057.
Maral, H., 2023. Chemical and antioxidant diversity of essential oils of some Salvia species from turkey. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 106: 104575.
Martínez, V.R., Ferrer, E.G., Williams, P.A., 2022. Candesartan, losartan and valsartan Zn (II) complexes interactions with bovine serum albumin. Future Medicinal Chemistry, 14: 9-16.
Mondal, M., Quispe, C., Sarkar, C., Bepari, T.C., Alam, M.J., Saha, S., Ray, P., Rahim, M.A., Islam, M.T., Setzer, W.N., 2021. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf: in vivo and in silico studies. Natural Product Communications 16, 1934578.
Palma, A., Díaz, M.J., Ruiz-Montoya, M., Morales, E., Giráldez, I., 2021a. Ultrasound extraction optimization for bioactive molecules from Eucalyptus globulus leaves through antioxidant activity. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 76: 105654.
Palma, A., Díaz, M.J., Ruiz-Montoya, M., Morales, E., Giráldez, I., 2021b. Ultrasound extraction optimization for bioactive molecules from Eucalyptus globulus leaves through antioxidant activity. Ultrason Sonochem, 76: 105654.
Sadatrasul, M.S., Fiezi, N., Ghasemian, N., Shenagari, M., Esmaeili, S., Jazaeri, E.O., Abdoli, A., Jamali, A., 2017. Oil-in-water emulsion formulated with Eucalyptus leaves extract inhibit influenza virus binding and replication in vitro. AIMS microbiology, 3: 899.
Scheltens, P., De Strooper, B., Kivipelto, M., Holstege, H., Chételat, G., Teunissen, C.E., Cummings, J., van der Flier, W.M., 2021. Alzheimer's disease. The Lancet, 397: 1577-1590.
Sebei, K., Sakouhi, F., Herchi, W., Khouja, M.L., Boukhchina, S., 2015. Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of seven Eucalyptus species essential oils leaves. Biological research 48, 7.
Song, X., Li, R., Zhang, Q., He, S., Wang, Y., 2022. Antibacterial effect and possible mechanism of salicylic acid microcapsules against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19: 12761.
Yılmaz, F., 2021. Investigating the usage of eucalyptus leaves in antibacterial finishing of textiles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 112: 341-345.
Zein, R., Alghoraibi, I., Soukkarieh, C., Salman, A., Alahmad, A., 2020. In-vitro anticancer activity against Caco-2 cell line of colloidal nano silver synthesized using aqueous extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves. Heliyon 6, e04594.
Zhou, L., Li, J., Kong, Q., Luo, S., Wang, J., Feng, S., Yuan, M., Chen, T., Yuan, S., Ding, C., 2021. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and phytotoxic potential of Eucalyptus grandis, E. urophylla leaves essential oils. Molecules, 26.
_||_