بررسی ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیائی 4 گونه مختلف از جنس گیاه داروئی Alcea spp. جمع آوری شده از مناطق مرکزی ایران
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
بیتا شریفی
1
(دانشجوی دکترا گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.)
کرامت الله سعیدی
2
(عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.)
بهروز شیران
3
(عضو هیات علمی گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران)
احسان شهبازی
4
(عضو هیات علمی گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران)
زهرا لری گوئینی
5
(عضو هیات علمی،مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده علوم پایه سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.)
مهشید رحیمی فرد
6
(عضو هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و محصولات فرعی، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: اکوتیپ, آنتوسیانین, فنول, فلاوونوئید, آنتیاکسیدان, ختمی, موسیلاژ,
چکیده مقاله :
مطالعه اخیر با توجه به غنی بودن گیاه Alcea L.. از نظر متابولیت های ثانویه، با هدف اندازه گیری و مقایسه ترکیبات موثره و بررسی ارتباط بین این ترکیبات و خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی، درگل و ریشه گیاه ختمی انجام گرفت. بذر 22 اکوتیپ مختلف از گیاه ختمی از استان‌های اصفهان، چهارمحال و بختیاری، لرستان و مرکزی جمع‌آوری و در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهرکرد، در تابستان 1397،کشت گردید. نمونه‌های هرباریومی برای هر اکوتیپ تهیه و برای شناسایی به موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور منتقل شدند که نهایتا 4 گونه A. rufecense،A. schiraziana ، A.lavateriflora وA. rechingeri شناسائی گردید. صفات فیزیولوژیکی (درصد عصاره، موسیلاژ گل و موسیلاژ ریشه) اکوتیپ ها اندازه گیری شدند. صفات فیتوشیمیائی گل (محتوای فنول، فلاوونوئید، آنتوسیانین کل و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی) اکوتیپ‌ها نیز با روش اسپکتروفتومتری اندازه‌گیری گردیدند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها حاکی از تفاوت معنی‌دار بین گونه‌ها و اکوتیپ‌ها در سطح احتمال 1 درصد بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین صفات بیشترین درصدعصاره، موسیلاژ، محتوای فنول و فلاوونوئید کل گل را در گونه A.rufecense و بیشترین موسیلاژ ریشه، محتوای آنتوسیانین کل و کمترین IC50 گل را در گونه A.lavateriflora، نشان داد. همچنین بیشترین درصد عصاره گل، موسیلاژ گل، موسیلاژ ریشه و محتوای فلاوونوئید کل گل به ترتیب در اکوتیپ هایSch6 ، Ruf1، Rec3 و Sch4 و بیشترین محتوای فنول و آنتوسیانین کل و کمترین IC50 گل در اکوتیپ Lav4مشاهده گردید. بنابراین می‌توان از مطالعات فیزیولوژکی و فیتوشیمیائی در کنار مطالعات مورفولوژیکی برای تشخیص دقیق‌تر گونه‌ها، استفاده نمود. همچنین مشخص گردید این گیاه منبع بسیار غنی و مقرون به صرفه‌ای از موسیلاژ و ترکیبات آنتیاکسیدان می‌باشد. که با انتخاب صحیح گونه و اکوتیپ می‌توان به بالاترین میزان ترکیبات یاد شده، دست یافت.
In view of enriched secondary metabolites in Alcea L., this study was carried out in order to determine and compare thebioactive compounds and their correlation with antioxidant activity in flowers and roots of different species of Alcea Seeds of different ecotypes of Alcea collected from Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Lorestan, and Markazi provinces. The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design in the Research Farm of Shahrekord University in summer 2018. Herbarium specimen were prepared and transferred to the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, and ultimately four different species of A. rufecense, A. schiraziana, A. lavateriflora, and A. rechingeri were identified. Physiological traits including percentage of extract and mucilage of flowers and roots were measured along with phytochemical traits, namely total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity of flowers using spectrophotometry. The results of analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between species and ecotypes (P≤0.01). Results of mean comparisons showed the highest percentage of extract, mucilage, total phenolics, and flavonoids contents were recorded in flowers of A. rufecense species. Also, tthe highest root mucilage and total anthocyanins contents and also the lowest IC50 of the flowers were recorded in A. lavateriflora species. In addition, the highest percentage of flower extract, root mucilage, flower mucilage, and total flavonoid content were observed in Sch6, Rech3, Ruf1, Sch4, respectively. Also, the highest total phenol and anthocyanin content and the lowest IC50 of flowers were observed in Lav4. Findings suggest that physiological and phytochemical studies can be used along with morphological studies for more accurate identification of ecotypes and species. It was also found that this plant is a very rich and affordable source of mucilage and antioxidant compounds, and by choosing the suitable species and ecotype, the highest number of these compounds can be achieved.
Abudayyak, M., Kanbolat, S., Ergene, R. and Batur, S. 2022. Investigation of the biological activities of Alcea calvertii.KSU Journal of agriculture andnature,25 (5): 955-964.
Ahmad, A, B., Muhammad, N, A., Idris, M, B. and Da’u Khalid, K. 2016. Phytochemicals screening and acid- base indicator property of ethanolic extract of Althea rosea flower. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, 7(2): 30-32.
Akhtar Akhi, M. 2020. An in-vitro study on antioxidant properties of Alcea rosea leaves. A thesis for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka. Bangladesh,14-18.
Alappat, B. and Alappat, J. 2022. Anthocyanin pigments: beyond aesthetics. Molecules, 25, 5500.
Arabameri, M., Khodayari, H. and Zarre, S. 2020. Trichome micromorphology in Alcea L. and allied genera (Malvaceae) and its systematic implication. Nordic Journal of Botany, 00:1-16.
Azadeh, Z., Saeidi, K., Lorigooini, Z., Kiani, M. and Maggi, F. 2020. Organ‑oriented phytochemical profiling and radical scavenging activity of Alcea spp. (Malvaceae) from Iran. SN Applied Sciences, 2:927.
Dybka-Stepie ´n, K., Otlewska, A., Gózd ´z, P. and Piotrowska, M. 2021. The Renaissance of plant mucilage in health promotion and industrial applications: A Review. Nutrients, 13, 3354.
Ekici, L., Simsek, Z., Ozturk, I., Sagdic, O. and Yetim, H. 2014. Effects of temperature, time, and pH on the stability of anthocyanin extracts: prediction of total anthocyanin, content using nonlinear models. Food Anal. Methods, 7:1328–1336.
Hosaka, H., Mizuno, T. and Iwashina, T. 2012. Flavonoid pigments and color expression in the flowers of black Hollyhock (Alcea rosea'Nigra'). Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Ser. B, 38(2): 69–75.
Husain, M., Wadud, A., Hamiduddin., Sofi, G., Perveen, S. and Abdul Hafeez, K. 2019. Physicochemical standardization of mucilage obtained from Althaea officinalis Linn – root. Pharmacogn. Mag.,15: S155-S161.
Lafountain, A, M. and Yuan, Y, W. 2021. Repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis. New Phytologist, 231: 933–949.
Landi, M., Tattini, M. and Gould, K.S. 2015. Multiple functional roles of anthocyanins in plant-environment interactions. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 05.012.
Lee, J., Durst, R, W., Wrolstadk, R, E., Barnes, K, W., Eisele, T., Giusti, M, M., Haché, J., Hofsommer, H., Koswig, S., Krueger, D, A., Kupina, S., Martin, S, K., Martinsen, B, K., Miller, T, C., Paquette, F., Ryabkova, A., Skrede, G., Trenn, U. and Wightman, J, D. 2005. Determination of total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC international, 5(88): 1269-1278.
Mombeini, T., Gholami Pourbadie, H., Kamalinejad, M., Mazloumi, S. and Dehpour, A, R. 2017. Anxiolytic- like and sedativeeffects of Alcea aucheri (Boiss) Alef flower extract in the laboratory rat. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 16 (4): 1495-1508.
Mozaffarian, V. 2015. Identification of medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran. Farhang Moaser Publications. Tehran. 1315 p.
Munir, A., Youssef, F, S., Ishtiaq, S., Kamran, H., Sirwi, A., Ahmed, S, A., Ashour, M, L. and Elhady, S, S. 2021. Malva parviflora leaves mucilage: An eco-friendly and sustainablebiopolymer with antioxidant properties. polymers, 13, 4251.
Nawaz, H., Akram, H., Hafiz, Q., Ishaq, M., Khalid, A., Zainab, B. and Mazhar, A. 2022. Polarity -dependent response of phytochemical extraction and antioxidant potential of different parts of Alcea rosea. Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 12(2):49-54.
Nicolau, A, I. and Gostin, A, I. (2016). Safety of edible flowers. In: Astley, S., Braun, S., Keener, L., Lelieveld, H., Martín-Belloso, O., McMahon, H., Prakash, V. (eds). Regulating safety of traditional and ethnic foods. Chapter 21. Academic Press. 395- 419.
Patle, T, K., Shrivas, K., Kurrey, R., Upadhyay, S., Jangde, R. and Chauhan, R. 2020.Phytochemical screening and determination of phenolics and flavonoids in Dillenia pentagyna using UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 242, 118717.
Saima, N., Mir Kaisar, A., Zubair, U, N., Fasil, A. and Showkat, A, G. 2021. Determination of in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of Alcea rosea. Annals of the Romanian society for cell biology, 7(25): 1580-1587.
Shehzad, M, R., Hanif, M, A., Rehman, R., Bhatti, I, A. andHanif, A. 2020. Hollyhock, chapter 29, 381-391. Hanif, M, A., Khan, M, M., Nawaz, H. and Byrne, H, J. (eds). Medicinal plants of South Asia novel sources for drug discovery. Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-08-102659-5. 735.
Shi, L., Katavic, V., Yu, Y., Kunst, L. and Haughn, G. 2012. Arabidopsis glabra2 mutant seeds deficient in mucilage biosynthesis produce more oil. The Plant Journal, 69, 37–46.
Shimamura, T., Sumikura, Y., Yamazaki, T., Tada, A., Kashiwagi, T., Ishikawa, H., Matsui, T., Sugimoto, N., Akiyama, H. and Ukeda, H. 2014. Applicability of the DPPH assay for evaluating the antioxidant capacity of food additives - inter-laboratory evaluation study-. Analytical sciences, 30: 717-721.
Wang, X., Wang, X., Hu, Q., Dai, X., Tian, H., Zheng, K., Wang, X. and Mao, T. 2015. Characterization of an activation-tagged mutant uncovers a role of glabra2 in anthocyanin biosynthesis in arabidopsis. The Plant Journal, 83, 300–311.
Zarei Mahmoudabadi, T., Talebi, P. and Jalili, M. 2019. Removing disperse red 60 and reactive blue 19 dyes removal by using Alcea rosea root mucilage as a natural coagulant. AMB Express, Springer, 9:113.
_||_Abudayyak, M., Kanbolat, S., Ergene, R. and Batur, S. 2022. Investigation of the biological activities of Alcea calvertii.KSU Journal of agriculture andnature,25 (5): 955-964.
Ahmad, A, B., Muhammad, N, A., Idris, M, B. and Da’u Khalid, K. 2016. Phytochemicals screening and acid- base indicator property of ethanolic extract of Althea rosea flower. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, 7(2): 30-32.
Akhtar Akhi, M. 2020. An in-vitro study on antioxidant properties of Alcea rosea leaves. A thesis for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka. Bangladesh,14-18.
Alappat, B. and Alappat, J. 2022. Anthocyanin pigments: beyond aesthetics. Molecules, 25, 5500.
Arabameri, M., Khodayari, H. and Zarre, S. 2020. Trichome micromorphology in Alcea L. and allied genera (Malvaceae) and its systematic implication. Nordic Journal of Botany, 00:1-16.
Azadeh, Z., Saeidi, K., Lorigooini, Z., Kiani, M. and Maggi, F. 2020. Organ‑oriented phytochemical profiling and radical scavenging activity of Alcea spp. (Malvaceae) from Iran. SN Applied Sciences, 2:927.
Dybka-Stepie ´n, K., Otlewska, A., Gózd ´z, P. and Piotrowska, M. 2021. The Renaissance of plant mucilage in health promotion and industrial applications: A Review. Nutrients, 13, 3354.
Ekici, L., Simsek, Z., Ozturk, I., Sagdic, O. and Yetim, H. 2014. Effects of temperature, time, and pH on the stability of anthocyanin extracts: prediction of total anthocyanin, content using nonlinear models. Food Anal. Methods, 7:1328–1336.
Hosaka, H., Mizuno, T. and Iwashina, T. 2012. Flavonoid pigments and color expression in the flowers of black Hollyhock (Alcea rosea'Nigra'). Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Ser. B, 38(2): 69–75.
Husain, M., Wadud, A., Hamiduddin., Sofi, G., Perveen, S. and Abdul Hafeez, K. 2019. Physicochemical standardization of mucilage obtained from Althaea officinalis Linn – root. Pharmacogn. Mag.,15: S155-S161.
Lafountain, A, M. and Yuan, Y, W. 2021. Repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis. New Phytologist, 231: 933–949.
Landi, M., Tattini, M. and Gould, K.S. 2015. Multiple functional roles of anthocyanins in plant-environment interactions. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 05.012.
Lee, J., Durst, R, W., Wrolstadk, R, E., Barnes, K, W., Eisele, T., Giusti, M, M., Haché, J., Hofsommer, H., Koswig, S., Krueger, D, A., Kupina, S., Martin, S, K., Martinsen, B, K., Miller, T, C., Paquette, F., Ryabkova, A., Skrede, G., Trenn, U. and Wightman, J, D. 2005. Determination of total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC international, 5(88): 1269-1278.
Mombeini, T., Gholami Pourbadie, H., Kamalinejad, M., Mazloumi, S. and Dehpour, A, R. 2017. Anxiolytic- like and sedativeeffects of Alcea aucheri (Boiss) Alef flower extract in the laboratory rat. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 16 (4): 1495-1508.
Mozaffarian, V. 2015. Identification of medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran. Farhang Moaser Publications. Tehran. 1315 p.
Munir, A., Youssef, F, S., Ishtiaq, S., Kamran, H., Sirwi, A., Ahmed, S, A., Ashour, M, L. and Elhady, S, S. 2021. Malva parviflora leaves mucilage: An eco-friendly and sustainablebiopolymer with antioxidant properties. polymers, 13, 4251.
Nawaz, H., Akram, H., Hafiz, Q., Ishaq, M., Khalid, A., Zainab, B. and Mazhar, A. 2022. Polarity -dependent response of phytochemical extraction and antioxidant potential of different parts of Alcea rosea. Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 12(2):49-54.
Nicolau, A, I. and Gostin, A, I. (2016). Safety of edible flowers. In: Astley, S., Braun, S., Keener, L., Lelieveld, H., Martín-Belloso, O., McMahon, H., Prakash, V. (eds). Regulating safety of traditional and ethnic foods. Chapter 21. Academic Press. 395- 419.
Patle, T, K., Shrivas, K., Kurrey, R., Upadhyay, S., Jangde, R. and Chauhan, R. 2020.Phytochemical screening and determination of phenolics and flavonoids in Dillenia pentagyna using UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 242, 118717.
Saima, N., Mir Kaisar, A., Zubair, U, N., Fasil, A. and Showkat, A, G. 2021. Determination of in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of Alcea rosea. Annals of the Romanian society for cell biology, 7(25): 1580-1587.
Shehzad, M, R., Hanif, M, A., Rehman, R., Bhatti, I, A. andHanif, A. 2020. Hollyhock, chapter 29, 381-391. Hanif, M, A., Khan, M, M., Nawaz, H. and Byrne, H, J. (eds). Medicinal plants of South Asia novel sources for drug discovery. Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-08-102659-5. 735.
Shi, L., Katavic, V., Yu, Y., Kunst, L. and Haughn, G. 2012. Arabidopsis glabra2 mutant seeds deficient in mucilage biosynthesis produce more oil. The Plant Journal, 69, 37–46.
Shimamura, T., Sumikura, Y., Yamazaki, T., Tada, A., Kashiwagi, T., Ishikawa, H., Matsui, T., Sugimoto, N., Akiyama, H. and Ukeda, H. 2014. Applicability of the DPPH assay for evaluating the antioxidant capacity of food additives - inter-laboratory evaluation study-. Analytical sciences, 30: 717-721.
Wang, X., Wang, X., Hu, Q., Dai, X., Tian, H., Zheng, K., Wang, X. and Mao, T. 2015. Characterization of an activation-tagged mutant uncovers a role of glabra2 in anthocyanin biosynthesis in arabidopsis. The Plant Journal, 83, 300–311.
Zarei Mahmoudabadi, T., Talebi, P. and Jalili, M. 2019. Removing disperse red 60 and reactive blue 19 dyes removal by using Alcea rosea root mucilage as a natural coagulant. AMB Express, Springer, 9:113.