بررسی فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس و عصاره گیاه دارویی Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz. در رویشگاه‌های مختلف استان گلستان

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

معصومه مازندرانی ¹ (دانشیار، گروه زیست شناسی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/06/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/08/03 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/09/06

کلید واژه: آنتی‌اکسیدان, فنل, کامفور, اسانس‌, فلاونویید, بابونه کبیر, استان گلستان‌,

چکیده مقاله :

گیاه دارویی بابونه کبیر(مخلصه) (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz.) دارای شهرت جهانی به‌عنوان تب بر، مسکن، ضد عفونی کننده و ضد التهاب است و در رویشگاههای طبیعی استان گلستان نیز مصارف مشابه درمانی دارد. در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی فیتوشیمیایی اسانس و مقایسه عملکرد آنتی اکسیدانی گیاه در رویشگاه‌های مختلف استان‌، برگهای گیاه در مرحله گلدهی کامل به‌ترتیب از دو رویشگاه جنگلی 990 متر (زیارت) و کوهستان دراز نو (2200 متر) واقع در جنوب غرب استان در اواخر تیرماه 1398 جمع‌آوری گردید. اسانس‌گیری با استفاده از روش تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) و شناسایی ترکیبات اسانس با استفاده از روش GC/ MS ارزیابی گردید. عصاره‌گیری با استفاده از روش خیساندن‌، اندازه گیری میزان فنل و فلاونویید کل و ارزیابی عملکرد آنتی اکسیدانی نمونه عصاره‌‌ها‌‌‌ نیز به‌ترتیب با استفاده از روش‌های DPPH و اسپکتوفوتومتری انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش ارتفاع میزان فلاونویید کل تا 148.2 میلی‌گرم معادل کوئرستین در هر گرم وزن خشک و فنل کل تا 218.7 میلی‌گرم معادل گالیک اسید در هر گرم وزن خشک گیاه افزایش یافت‌، ضمن اینکه از بیشترین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی نیز (۸۹ درصد) در مهار رادیکال‌های آزاد DPPH برخوردار بود. به‌ترتیب ترکیبات کامفور (۱۲/۴۳- ۸/۵۴ درصد)‌، کامفن (6.9- 10.04درصد)‌، بورنیل استات (۱/۳- ۰۶/۶ درصد)، او8- سینئول و پارا- سیمن هر کدام (۱/۳- ۳۶/۳ درصد) از مهمترین ترکیبات متشکله اسانس در هر دو رویشگاه بودند که با افزایش ارتفاع در رویشگاه 2200 متر بیشترین میزان اسانس و بالاترین کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره نیز گزارش گردید. این موضوع می‌تواند در تایید عملکرد بهتر دارویی این گیاه در ارتفاعات و همچنین مستند سازی علمی استفاده‌های دارویی از این گیاه را به‌عنوان ضدالتهاب‌، ضدباکتری و مسکن در رفع و التیام زخم، تسکین دردهای میگرنی‌، زانو و قاعدگی را قابل بحث سازد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz. with a worldwide reputation as af ever reducer, pain reliever, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory has similar therapeutic uses in the natural habitats of Golestan province. In this research, to investigate the phytochemical and antioxidant properties the plant leaves were collected from two different habitats of Golestan province, 990 meters (Ziyarat) and Deraz Nu (2200 meters), located in the southwest of the province at full flowering stage (July 2018). Essential oils were evaluated and analyzed by using the water distillation (Celvenger apparatus) and GC/MS methods, respectively. Extraction was obtained by using maceration method, the total phenol and flavonoids as well as evaluation of antioxidant performance of the extract samples were measured using DPPH and spectrophotometry methods, respectively. Based on the results more than 30 compounds were in both samples, which accounted for 97.3% the camphor (43.12-54.8 %), camphene (6.9-10.04 %), bornyl acetate (6.06-3.1 %), 1-8-cineol and p-cymene (3.1-3.36 %) that were the most important components of essential oil in both habitats. With the increase in altitude in the habitat of 2200 meters the  total flavonoid and total phenol increased up to 148.2 ± 0.7 mg GAE /gr and 218.7 ± 218.7 mg GAE /gr, respectively, while the highest antioxidant activity was also up to 89.5 ± 1.1% in DPPH free radicals. The findings shows that secondary metabolites was increased in high altitude habitats and this issue has been documented in the scientific documentation of medicinal uses of this plant in high altitudes as anti-inflammatory, pain reliever and treatment of infections.

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