بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد اکوتیپ‌های گیاه دارویی Cuminum cyminum L. در شرایط آب و هوایی استان کرمان
محورهای موضوعی :
گیاهان دارویی
الهام مسلمی
1
(گروه کشاورزی، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران)
محمد مهدی اکبریان
2
(گروه کشاورزی، واحدبم، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بم، ایران)
سیدذبیح الله راوری
3
(مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران (AREEO.()
محمد رضا یاورزاده
4
(گروه کشاورزی، واحدبم، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بم، ایران)
نادر مدافع بهزادی
5
(گروه کشاورزی، واحدبم، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، بم، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/02/20
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/04/12
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/10/01
کلید واژه:
تنش خشکی,
اکوتیپ,
اسانس,
زیره سبز,
کرمان,
چکیده مقاله :
زیره سبز Cuminum cyminum L.)) از مهم‌ترین گیاهان دارویی، با داشتن دوره رشد کوتاه و نیاز آبی پایین، مناسب کشت در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک ایران می‌باشد. خشکی یکی ازمهم‌ترین عوامل محدود کننده رشد گیاهان در سرتاسر جهان و شایع‌ترین تنش محیطی است. در مورد گیاهان دارویی، خشکی ممکن است اثر محسوسی بر عملکرد و میزان مواد مؤثره برجای گذارد. به‌منظور بررسی تحمل به خشکی اکوتیپ‌های زراعی زیره سبز، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان در سال زراعی 1400- 1399 اجرا شد. در این مطالعه اثر تنش خشکی در سه سطح (آبیاری نرمال، قطع آبیاری بعد از 50 درصد گل‌دهی مزرعه، قطع آبیاری بعد از 100 درصد گل‌دهی مزرعه) بر روی پنج اکوتیپ زیره سبز (ماهان، کوهبنان، خوسف، کاشمر، سبزوار) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل نشان داد اثر اکوتیپ و تنش به‌صورت جداگانه و توأم بر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی از جمله ارتفاع بوته، تعداد چتر در بوته، تعداد چترک در چتر، تعداد دانه در بوته، شاخص برداشت، تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، وزن کاه و کلش و درصد اسانس دانه در سطح پنج درصد معنی‌دار بود. بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه و درصد اسانس در اکوتیپ خوسف به‌ترتیب در شرایط بدون تنش و قطع آبیاری بعد از 50 درصد گل‌دهی مزرعه حاصل شد. نتایج رگرسیون در هر سه شرایط آبیاری نشان داد که تعداد چتر، چترک و تعداد دانه در بوته می‌توانند منجر به حصول بیش‌ترین عملکرد گشته و مهم‌ترین عوامل در تعیین عملکرد دانه می‌باشند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants, with a short growth period and low water requirement, suitable for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Drought is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth worldwide and the most common environmental stress. In the case of medicinal plants, drought may have a noticeable effect on the yield and amount of active ingredients. In order to investigate the drought tolerance of cumin crop ecotypes, a split-plot experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in the crop year 2019-1400. In this study, the effect of drought stress at three levels (normal irrigation, interruption of irrigation after 50% flowering of the field, and interruption of irrigation after 100% flowering of the field) on five cumin ecotypes (Mahan, Kohbanan, Khosuf, Kashmer, Sabzevar) was investigated. The results of the analysis showed the effect of ecotype and stress separately and together on all investigated traits such as plant height, number of umbels per plant, umbrella number per umbrella, seeds number per plant, harvest index, number of secondary branches, seed yield, biological yield, straw weight and stubble and the percentage of seed essential oil were significant at the five percent level. The highest seed yield and percentage of essential oil in the Khosuf ecotype were obtained under stress-free conditions and irrigation interruption after 50% flowering of the field, respectively. The regression results in all three irrigation conditions showed that the number of umbels, umbrellas and the number of seeds per plant can lead to the highest yield and are the most important factors in determining seed yield.
منابع و مأخذ:
References:
Afshar, A.K., Baghizadeh, A. and Mohammadi-Nejad, G. (2016). Evaluation of relationships between morphological traits and grain yield in cumin (Cuminum cyminum ) under normal and drought conditions. Journal of Crop Breeding, 18: 160-165.
Ahmadian, A., Ghanbari, A., Galavi, M., Siasar, B. and Arazmjou, A. (2010). Effect of irrigation regimes and manure on the nutrient content, chemical composition and essential oil of cumin. Journal of Crop and Weeds Ecophysiology, 16: 83-94. (In Persian).
Ahmadian, A., Tavassoli, A. and Amiri, E. (2011). The interaction effect of water stress and manure on yield components, essential oil and chemical compositions of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). African Journal of Agricultural Research. 6 (10): 2309-2315.
Allaq, A.A., Sidik, N.J., Abdul-Aziz, A. and Ahmed, I.A. (2020). Cumin (Cuminum cyminum ), a review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry. Biomedical Research and Therapy, 7(9): 4016-4021.
Bettaieb, I., Zakhama, N., Aidi Wannes, W., Kchouk, M.E. and Marzouk, B. (2009). Water deficit effects on Salvia officinalis fatty acids and essential oils composition. Scientia Horticulturae. 120: 271-275.
Bettaieb Rebey, I., Jabri-Karoui, I., Hamrouni-Sellami, I., Bourgou, S., Limam, F. and Marzouk, B. (2012). Effect of drought on the biochemical composition and antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum ) seeds. Industrial Crops and Products. 36: 238–245.
Blum, A. (2011). Drought Blum, A. (2011). Drought resistance– is it really a complex trait? Functional Plant Biology. 38: 753–757.
Dalkani, M., Hassani, A. and Darvishzadeh, R. (2012). Determination of the genetic variation in Ajowan (Carum Copticum ) populations using multivariate statistical techniques. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 43: 698-705.
Ebrahimiyan, M., Ebrahimi, M., Mortazavian, S.M.M. and Ramshini, H. (2017). The structure and genetic diversity of Iranian cumin populations (Cuminum cyminum ) using SCoT molecular markers. New Genetic, 2 (12): 285-292.
Ehsanipour, A., Razmjoo, K. and Zeinali, H. (2011). Effect of nitrogen rates on yield, yield components and essential oil content of several fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ) populatios. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28: 579-593. (In Persian).
Eikani, M.H., Golmohammad, F., Mirza, M. and Rowshanzamir, S. (2007). Extraction of volatile oil from cumin (Cuminum cyminum ) with superheated water. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 30: 255-266.
Ekor, M. (2014). The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10; 4:177.
El-Ghorab A.H., Nauman, M., Anjum, F.M., Hussain, S. and Nadeem, M.A. (2010). Comparative study on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(14): 8231-8237.
Faraji, A., Latifi, N., Soltani, A. and Rad, A.H.S. (2009). Seed yield and water use efficiency of canola (Brassica napus ) as affected by high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 96(1): 132-140.
Farnia, A., Nourmohammadi, Gh., Naderi, A., Darvish, F. and MajidiHarvan, A. (2006). Effects of drought stress and strain of the bacterium Brady rhizobium japonicum on yield and its related traits in soybean in Boroojerd. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 8 (3): 201-214. (In Persian).
Farrokhinia, M., Roshdi, M., PasebanEslam, B. and Sasandoust, R. (2011). Evaluation of some physiological characteristics on yield of spring safflower under water stress. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 42(3): 545-553. (In Persian).
Fazlara, A., Sadeghi, E. and Rostami, P. (2012). Study on the antibacterial effects of Cuminum cyminum essential oil on Listeria monocytogenes in Iranian white cheese. Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 9: 35-44. (In Persian).
Gohari, A.R. and Saeidnia, S. (2011). A review on phytochemistry of Cuminum cyminum seeds and its standards from field to market. Pharmacognosy Journal, 3: 1-5.
Hajlaoui, H., Mighri, H., Noumi, E., Snoussi, M., Trabelsi, N. and Ksouri, R. (2010). Chemical composition and biological activities of Tunisian Cuminum cyminum essential oil: A high effectiveness against Vibrio spp. strains. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48: 2186-2192.
Kafi, M. and Keshmiri, A. (2011). Study of yield in landraces and cultivars of Hindi cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) in dry and saline conditions. Journal of Horticultural Science, 25 (3):
Karimi Afshar, A., Baghizadeh, A., Mohammadinejad, G. and Abedi, J. (2014). Evaluation of cumin (Cuminum cyminum ) genotypes under drought stress based on tolerance indices. 1st International and 13th Iranian Genetics Congress. Tehran, Iran. [In Persian with English Summary].
Khodadoost, M., Moharramipour, S. and Imani, S. (2012). Antifeedant activities of essential oils of Cuminum cyminum and Carum copticum against confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum. Journal of Entomological Research, 3(4): 317-326. (In Persian).
Lalinia, A. A., Majnon Hoseini, N., Galostian, N., Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi, M. and Marefatzadeh Khameneh, M. (2012)." Echophysiological impact of water stress on growth and development of Mungbean". International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 3: 599-607.
Lawler, D.W. and Cornic, G. (2002). Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficit in higher plants. Journal Plant Cell and Environment, 25: 275-294.
Minooeian Haghighi, M.H. and Khosravi, A. (2014). Effects of anti-aflatoxin of essential oils of Cuminum cyminum, Ziziphora clinopodioiedes and Nigella sativa. Koomesh, 15(3): 396-404. (In Persian).
Motamedi-Mirhosseini, L., Mohammadi-Nejad, G., Bahraminejad, A., Golkar, P. and Mohammadinejad, Z. (2011). Evaluation of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) landraces under drought stress based on some agronomic traits. African Journal of Plant Science 5: 749-752.
Oweis, T., Hachum, A. and Pala, M. (2004). Lentil production under supplemental irrigation in a Mediterranean environment. Agricultural Water Management, 68: 251-265.
Omidi, H. and Jafarzadeh, L. (2010). Study of quantity yield and essence percentage of cumin under influence of bio and urea chemical fertilizer. 11th Iranian Crop Science Congress p. 119-123. (In Persian).
Pirzad, A., Fayyaz Moghaddam, A., Razban, M. and Raei, Y. (2012). The evaluation of dried flower and essential oil yield and harvest index of Matricaria chamomilla L. under varying irrigation regimes and amounts of super absorbent polymer (A200). Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 22 (3): 85-99. (In Persian).
Qureshi, A.A. and Eswar, K.K. (2010). Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Trachyspermum ammi. Plant Archives, 10: 955-959.
Rasool, A., Bhat, K.M., Sheikh, A. A., Jan, A. and Hassan, S. (2020). Medicinal plants: Role, distribution and future. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9 (2): 2111-2114.
Razavi, J.A.O.o.K. (2015). Statistical Pocketbook of Agricultural Region of Khorasan Razavi Province. Agriculture Organization of Khorasan 113 Razavi, Mashhad. p. 159.
Sadeghipour, O. and Aghaei, P. (2012)." Response of common bean to exogenous application of salicylic asid under water stress conditions". Environmental Biology, 6: 1160-1168.
SeghatolEslami, M., Kafi, M., MajidiHarvan, A., Nourmohammadi, G.H. and Darvishi, F. (2007). Effect of drought stress at different growth stages on yield and water use efficiency of five proso millet in Southern Khorasan. Journal of Science and Technology in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1: 215-225. (In Persian).
Soares, C., Carvalho, M.E., Azevedo, R.A. and Fidalgo, F. (2018). Plants facing oxidative challenges—A little help from the antioxidant networks. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 161, 4-25.
Sureshkumar, J., Silambarasan, R. and Ayyanar, M. (2017). An ethnopharmacological analysis of medicinal plants used by the Adiyan community in Wayanad district of Kerala, India. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 12: 60-73.
Tabatabaei, S.M., Mohammadi-Nejad, G. and Yousefi, K. (2014). Yield assessment and drought tolerance indices in cumin ecotypes. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 28 (1), 163-170. (In Persian).
Tavakkoli Zeinali, A. (2002). The effect of irrigation cessation at different growth stages on yield and its components in safflower seed. M.Sc. Thesis, Tehran University, 120 p. (In Persian).
Tuttolomondo, T., Licata, M., Leto, C., Savo, V., Bonsangue, G., Gargano, M.L. and La Bella, S. (2014). Ethnobotanical investigation on wild medicinal plants in the Monti Sicani Regional Park (Sicily, Italy). Journal ofethnopharmacology, 153: 568-586.
_||_References:
Afshar, A.K., Baghizadeh, A. and Mohammadi-Nejad, G. (2016). Evaluation of relationships between morphological traits and grain yield in cumin (Cuminum cyminum ) under normal and drought conditions. Journal of Crop Breeding, 18: 160-165.
Ahmadian, A., Ghanbari, A., Galavi, M., Siasar, B. and Arazmjou, A. (2010). Effect of irrigation regimes and manure on the nutrient content, chemical composition and essential oil of cumin. Journal of Crop and Weeds Ecophysiology, 16: 83-94. (In Persian).
Ahmadian, A., Tavassoli, A. and Amiri, E. (2011). The interaction effect of water stress and manure on yield components, essential oil and chemical compositions of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). African Journal of Agricultural Research. 6 (10): 2309-2315.
Allaq, A.A., Sidik, N.J., Abdul-Aziz, A. and Ahmed, I.A. (2020). Cumin (Cuminum cyminum ), a review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry. Biomedical Research and Therapy, 7(9): 4016-4021.
Bettaieb, I., Zakhama, N., Aidi Wannes, W., Kchouk, M.E. and Marzouk, B. (2009). Water deficit effects on Salvia officinalis fatty acids and essential oils composition. Scientia Horticulturae. 120: 271-275.
Bettaieb Rebey, I., Jabri-Karoui, I., Hamrouni-Sellami, I., Bourgou, S., Limam, F. and Marzouk, B. (2012). Effect of drought on the biochemical composition and antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum ) seeds. Industrial Crops and Products. 36: 238–245.
Blum, A. (2011). Drought Blum, A. (2011). Drought resistance– is it really a complex trait? Functional Plant Biology. 38: 753–757.
Dalkani, M., Hassani, A. and Darvishzadeh, R. (2012). Determination of the genetic variation in Ajowan (Carum Copticum ) populations using multivariate statistical techniques. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 43: 698-705.
Ebrahimiyan, M., Ebrahimi, M., Mortazavian, S.M.M. and Ramshini, H. (2017). The structure and genetic diversity of Iranian cumin populations (Cuminum cyminum ) using SCoT molecular markers. New Genetic, 2 (12): 285-292.
Ehsanipour, A., Razmjoo, K. and Zeinali, H. (2011). Effect of nitrogen rates on yield, yield components and essential oil content of several fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ) populatios. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28: 579-593. (In Persian).
Eikani, M.H., Golmohammad, F., Mirza, M. and Rowshanzamir, S. (2007). Extraction of volatile oil from cumin (Cuminum cyminum ) with superheated water. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 30: 255-266.
Ekor, M. (2014). The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10; 4:177.
El-Ghorab A.H., Nauman, M., Anjum, F.M., Hussain, S. and Nadeem, M.A. (2010). Comparative study on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(14): 8231-8237.
Faraji, A., Latifi, N., Soltani, A. and Rad, A.H.S. (2009). Seed yield and water use efficiency of canola (Brassica napus ) as affected by high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 96(1): 132-140.
Farnia, A., Nourmohammadi, Gh., Naderi, A., Darvish, F. and MajidiHarvan, A. (2006). Effects of drought stress and strain of the bacterium Brady rhizobium japonicum on yield and its related traits in soybean in Boroojerd. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 8 (3): 201-214. (In Persian).
Farrokhinia, M., Roshdi, M., PasebanEslam, B. and Sasandoust, R. (2011). Evaluation of some physiological characteristics on yield of spring safflower under water stress. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 42(3): 545-553. (In Persian).
Fazlara, A., Sadeghi, E. and Rostami, P. (2012). Study on the antibacterial effects of Cuminum cyminum essential oil on Listeria monocytogenes in Iranian white cheese. Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 9: 35-44. (In Persian).
Gohari, A.R. and Saeidnia, S. (2011). A review on phytochemistry of Cuminum cyminum seeds and its standards from field to market. Pharmacognosy Journal, 3: 1-5.
Hajlaoui, H., Mighri, H., Noumi, E., Snoussi, M., Trabelsi, N. and Ksouri, R. (2010). Chemical composition and biological activities of Tunisian Cuminum cyminum essential oil: A high effectiveness against Vibrio spp. strains. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48: 2186-2192.
Kafi, M. and Keshmiri, A. (2011). Study of yield in landraces and cultivars of Hindi cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) in dry and saline conditions. Journal of Horticultural Science, 25 (3):
Karimi Afshar, A., Baghizadeh, A., Mohammadinejad, G. and Abedi, J. (2014). Evaluation of cumin (Cuminum cyminum ) genotypes under drought stress based on tolerance indices. 1st International and 13th Iranian Genetics Congress. Tehran, Iran. [In Persian with English Summary].
Khodadoost, M., Moharramipour, S. and Imani, S. (2012). Antifeedant activities of essential oils of Cuminum cyminum and Carum copticum against confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum. Journal of Entomological Research, 3(4): 317-326. (In Persian).
Lalinia, A. A., Majnon Hoseini, N., Galostian, N., Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi, M. and Marefatzadeh Khameneh, M. (2012)." Echophysiological impact of water stress on growth and development of Mungbean". International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 3: 599-607.
Lawler, D.W. and Cornic, G. (2002). Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficit in higher plants. Journal Plant Cell and Environment, 25: 275-294.
Minooeian Haghighi, M.H. and Khosravi, A. (2014). Effects of anti-aflatoxin of essential oils of Cuminum cyminum, Ziziphora clinopodioiedes and Nigella sativa. Koomesh, 15(3): 396-404. (In Persian).
Motamedi-Mirhosseini, L., Mohammadi-Nejad, G., Bahraminejad, A., Golkar, P. and Mohammadinejad, Z. (2011). Evaluation of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) landraces under drought stress based on some agronomic traits. African Journal of Plant Science 5: 749-752.
Oweis, T., Hachum, A. and Pala, M. (2004). Lentil production under supplemental irrigation in a Mediterranean environment. Agricultural Water Management, 68: 251-265.
Omidi, H. and Jafarzadeh, L. (2010). Study of quantity yield and essence percentage of cumin under influence of bio and urea chemical fertilizer. 11th Iranian Crop Science Congress p. 119-123. (In Persian).
Pirzad, A., Fayyaz Moghaddam, A., Razban, M. and Raei, Y. (2012). The evaluation of dried flower and essential oil yield and harvest index of Matricaria chamomilla L. under varying irrigation regimes and amounts of super absorbent polymer (A200). Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 22 (3): 85-99. (In Persian).
Qureshi, A.A. and Eswar, K.K. (2010). Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Trachyspermum ammi. Plant Archives, 10: 955-959.
Rasool, A., Bhat, K.M., Sheikh, A. A., Jan, A. and Hassan, S. (2020). Medicinal plants: Role, distribution and future. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9 (2): 2111-2114.
Razavi, J.A.O.o.K. (2015). Statistical Pocketbook of Agricultural Region of Khorasan Razavi Province. Agriculture Organization of Khorasan 113 Razavi, Mashhad. p. 159.
Sadeghipour, O. and Aghaei, P. (2012)." Response of common bean to exogenous application of salicylic asid under water stress conditions". Environmental Biology, 6: 1160-1168.
SeghatolEslami, M., Kafi, M., MajidiHarvan, A., Nourmohammadi, G.H. and Darvishi, F. (2007). Effect of drought stress at different growth stages on yield and water use efficiency of five proso millet in Southern Khorasan. Journal of Science and Technology in Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1: 215-225. (In Persian).
Soares, C., Carvalho, M.E., Azevedo, R.A. and Fidalgo, F. (2018). Plants facing oxidative challenges—A little help from the antioxidant networks. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 161, 4-25.
Sureshkumar, J., Silambarasan, R. and Ayyanar, M. (2017). An ethnopharmacological analysis of medicinal plants used by the Adiyan community in Wayanad district of Kerala, India. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 12: 60-73.
Tabatabaei, S.M., Mohammadi-Nejad, G. and Yousefi, K. (2014). Yield assessment and drought tolerance indices in cumin ecotypes. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 28 (1), 163-170. (In Persian).
Tavakkoli Zeinali, A. (2002). The effect of irrigation cessation at different growth stages on yield and its components in safflower seed. M.Sc. Thesis, Tehran University, 120 p. (In Persian).
Tuttolomondo, T., Licata, M., Leto, C., Savo, V., Bonsangue, G., Gargano, M.L. and La Bella, S. (2014). Ethnobotanical investigation on wild medicinal plants in the Monti Sicani Regional Park (Sicily, Italy). Journal ofethnopharmacology, 153: 568-586.
