ارزیابی و مقایسه فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، محتوای فنل و فلاونوئید عصاره گیاه ‌دارویی Artemisia annua L. تحت تاثیر روش‌های مختلف خشک‌کردن

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

آتنا محمدی نیا سماکوش ¹ , حسین مرادی ² , مجتبی اسماعیل زاده ³ , فاطمه دواتگر ⁴

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
4 - دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/06/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/09/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/12/12

کلید واژه: استخراج, عصاره, کوئرستین, آرتمیزینین,

چکیده مقاله :

خشک‌کردن یکی از مهم‌ترین فرآیندهای پس از برداشت گیاهان دارویی است. در این تحقیق جهت مطالعه تاثیر روش‌های مختلف خشک‌کردن بر فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و فیتوشیمیایی سرشاخه‌های گلدار و برگ‌های درمنه‌خزری، آزمایشی بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تیمار و ده تکرار در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری‌ در سال 1398 اجرا شد. اندام‌های‌هوایی گیاه درمنه‌خزری در دی ماه از رویشگاه طبیعی از منطقه شیرگاه مازندران (ارتفاع 238 متر از سطح دریا‌) تهیه شد. بخش‌های مختلف گیاه با استفاده از چهار روش سایه‌–‌آفتاب، آون (دمای 45 درجه سانتی‌گراد)، حرارت غیر‌مستقیم (دمای 28-32 درجه‌سانتی‌گراد) و ماکروویو‌، توان 520 وات خشک شدند. استخراج عصاره به روش خیساندن با متانول صورت گرفت. در مرحله اول آزمایش فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (DPPH)، فنل‌کل (فولین سیوکالتو) و فلاونوئید (آلومینیوم‌کلرید) تمام نمونه‌ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد تفاوت معنی‌داری بین روش‌های مختلف خشک‌کردن وجود دارد. بالاترین محتوای آنتی‌اکسیدان‌کل در سرشاخه‌های گلدار (92/70 درصد) وبرگ (66/70 درصد) در تیمار حرارت غیر‌مستقیم مشاهده گردید. بیش‌ترین میزان فنل‌کل (به‌ترتیب 56/2و 09/3 میلی‌گرم گالیک‌اسید در 100 گرم ماده خشک) متعلق به نمونه خشک شده توسط روش‌های سایه-آفتاب و حرارت غیر‌مستقیم بود. بالاترین میزان فلاونوئید‌کل (به‌ترتیب 45/1 و 73/3 میلی‌گرم کوئرستین در100 گرم ماده خشک) مربوط به نمونه حرارت غیر‌مستقیم و ماکروویو بود. کم‌ترین میزان فنل، فلاونوئید و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی سرشاخه‌های‌گلدار و برگ در نمونه‌های خشک شده در آون با دمای 45 درجه مشاهده شد. در مرحله دوم آزمایش، بهترین نمونه از نظر فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، فنل و فلاونوئید انتخاب شده و خصوصیات آن توسط کروماتوگرافی بررسی شد. بیشترین ترکیب موجود در عصاره شامل Arteannuic acid (63/15درصد) بود. به‌طور کلی خشک‌کردن به روش حرارت غیرمستقیم باعث حفظ ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی شده و روش های دیگر ممکن است باعث کاهش و یا حتی تخریب این‌گونه ترکیبات شوند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Drying is one of the most important post-harvest processes for medicinal plants. to study the effect of different drying methods on the antioxidant and phytochemical activity of flowering branches and leaves of Artemisia annua, an experiment based on a completely randomized design with four treatments and ten replications was conducted at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2020. Aerial parts of the plant were obtained from natural habitat in Shirgah region of Mazandaran (238 meters above sea level‌) in January. Different parts of the plant were dried using four methods: shade - sun, oven (45°C), indirect heating (28-32 ° C) and microwave (520 w). All extracts were prepared by soaking in methanol. In the first stage, antioxidant activity (DPPH), phenolic (Folin–Ciocâlteu) and flavonoid (aluminum chloride) content were evaluated for all samples. The results showed that there was a significant difference between different drying methods. The highest content of total antioxidants was observed in flowering branches (70.92%) and leaves (70.66%) for indirect heat sampels. The highest amount of total phenol (2.56 and 3.09 mg gallic acid per 100g of dry matter, respectively) belonged to the samples dried using sun-shade and indirect heat. The highest total flavonoid content was also found in samples dried under indirect heating and microwave (1.45 and 3.73 mg of quercetin per 100g of dry matter, respectively). The lowest amount of total phenol, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were observed in oven-dried flowering and leafy branches at 45°c. In the second stage of the experiment, the best sample regarding antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid was chosen and evaluated using chromatography. The most composition of the extract was arteannuic acid (15.63%). In general, indirect heat drying could preserve antioxidant and bioactive compounds more effectively, while other methods may reduce or even degrade these compounds.

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