بررسی تغییرات برخی صفات رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و تجمع فلزات سنگین در گیاه دارویی Crocus sativus L.تحت شرایط کشت در اقلیم مختلف

محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی

حبیب الله فرخی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری، گروه باغبانی، واحد شیروان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیروان، ایران)
احمد اصغرزاده ² (استادیار، گروه باغبانی، واحد شیروان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیروان، ایران)
ملیحه کاظمی صمدی ³ (استادیار، گروه شیمی، واحد بجنورد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بجنورد، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/06/22 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/10/21 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/13

کلید واژه: اقلیم, رطوبت نسبی, زعفران, فلزات سنگین, آنتی اکسیدان, سافرانال,

چکیده مقاله :

زعفران به عنوان با ارزش ترین محصول کشاورزی و دارویی جهان ، جایگاه ویژه ای در بین محصولات صنعتی و صادراتی ایران، دارد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تغییرات صفات کمی، کیفی، فیزیولوژیکی و تجمع فلزات سنگین در نمونه های کشت شده زعفران در سه استان مهم تولید این گیاه دارویی، خراسان های شمالی (شهرستان شیروان)، رضوی (شهرستان تربت‌حیدریه) و جنوبی (شهرستان قائن) به‌صورت طرح آزمایشی بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 99-1398 انجام شد. در این پژوهش صفات کمی (عملکرد گل و کلاله)، کیفی (محتوای سافرانال، پیکروکروسین و کروسین به روش آبی استخراج و اندازه‌گیری با اسپکتوفتومتری)، صفات فیزیولوژیک (آنتوسیانین، فلاونوئید، فنل کل، و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی به روش الکلی استخراج و اندازه گیری با اسپکتوفتومتری) و میزان تجمع فلزات سلنیوم، سرب و نیکل (استخراج به روش اسیدی و اندازه گیری با جذب اتمی) بررسی شد. همچنین تاثیر پارامترهای اقلیمی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی آن بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که نمونه‌های کشت شده در سه استان خراسان های شمالی، رضوی و جنوبی از نظر صفات کمی، کیفی، فیزیولوژیکی و تجمع فلزات تفاوت معنی داری دارند. استان خراسان شمالی و رضوی با بالاترین عملکرد گل و کلاله و همچنین محتوای سافرانال و کروسین، بیشترین کمیت و کیفیت را داشتند. همچنین بیشترین محتوای آنتوسیانین، فلاونوئید، فنل کل، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و سرب در نمونه های استان خراسان شمالی مشاهده شد. دو پارامتر اقلیمی محتوای رطوبت نسبی و میانگین بارش سالیانه همبستگی بالایی با عملکرد کمی و کیفی داشتند و از عوامل محیطی تأثیرگذار بر کمیت و کیفیت زعفران محسوب می گردد. به‌طور کلی، استان خراسان شمالی و رضوی از نظر عملکرد کمی و کیفی زعفران از مزیت قابل توجهی در مقایسه با استان خراسان جنوبی برخوردار بودند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) the most valuable agricultural and pharmaceutical product in the world, has a special place among Iran's industrial and export products. The aim of this study was to study the changes in quantitative, qualitative, physiological traits, and heavy metals accumulation in cultivated saffron samples in three important saffron producing provinces, North Khorasan (Shirvan city), Razavi Khorasan (Torbat-Heydariyeh city), and South Khorasan (Ghaen city), based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019-2020 crop year.In this study, quantitative traits (flower and stigma yield), qualitative traits (safranal, picrocrocin, and crocin content extracted by aqueous method and measured by spectrophotometry), physiological characteristics (anthocyanin, flavonoid, total phenol, and antioxidant activity extracted by alcohol andmeasured by spectrophotometry) and the selenium, lead, and nickel metals accumulation (by acid extraction and atomic absorption measurements) were investigated. Also, the effect of climatic parameters on quantitative and qualitative yield was investigated. The results showed that the samples cultivated in these provinces had significant differences in terms of quantitative, qualitative, physiological, and metal accumulation characteristics. North and Razavi Khorasan provinces with the highest flowers and stigmas yield, as well as safranal and crocin content, had the highest quantity and quality.In addition, the highest anthocyanins, flavonoids, and total phenol content, antioxidant activity, and lead content was obtained in North Khorasan province. The two climatic parameters of relative humidity content and average annual rainfall had a high correlation with quantitative and qualitative yield and are the most influential environmental factors on the quantity and quality of saffron. In general, North and Razavi Khorasan provinces had a significant advantage in terms of quantitative and qualitative yield of saffron compared to South Khorasan provinces.

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