مقایسه خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب روغن هسته گیاه دارویی Citrus aurantium L. در روش‌های مختلف استخراج
محورهای موضوعی :
فیتوشیمی
صمد نژادابراهیمی
1
,
معصومه صادقی نیک
2
1 - دانشیار، گروه فیتوشیمی، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه فیتوشیمی، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/10/10
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/12/17
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/30
کلید واژه:
اسید چرب,
نارنج,
روش های استخراج,
روغن هسته,
چکیده مقاله :
هسته میوه نارنج Citrus aurantium L محصول فرعی حاصل از صنایع آب میوه گیری می‌باشد. در این تحقیق اسیدهای چرب و فیتواسترول‌های اصلی در روغن هسته نارنج با هدف ارزش گذاری تغذیه‌ای و بررسی خواص زیستی آن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین بررسی ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی روغن هسته استخراج شده به دو روش پرس سرد و استفاده از حلال هگزان و شناسایی ترکیب اسیدهای چرب انجام شد. ترکیب اسیدهای چرب موجود در روغن هسته نارنج با استفاده از تکنیک کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به اسپکترومتری جرمی (GC-MS) و رزونانس مغناطیس هسته (1HNMR و 13CNMR) بررسی شد. همچنین اثر بخشی امواج مافوق صوت و فشار هوا در استخراج روغن از تفاله هسته نارنج حاصل از استخراج پرس سرد، با استفاده از حلال هگزان مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان داد که بیشترین بازده روغن استخراج شده با استفاده از دستگاه پراب مافوق صوت (25 درصد) می‌باشد، و به‌طور قابل توجه ای در مقایسه با روش‌های دیگر بالاتر بود. محتوای روغن اسیدهای چرب 9-اولئیک اسید (3/33 درصد)، لینولئیک اسید (5/31 درصد)، پالمیتیک اسید (3/22 درصد)، استئاریک اسید (6/6 درصد) و 10-اولئیک اسید (1/1 درصد)، و بتاسیتوسترول (7/79 درصد) و کامپسترول (6/14 درصد) بیشترین فیتوسترول‌های تشکیل دهنده روغن هسته نارنج مورد مطالعه بودند. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده روغن هسته نارنج می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک منبع غذایی جدید در نظر گرفته شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Citrus aurantium L. seed is a by-product of fruit juice industries. In this research, the main fatty acids and phytosterols in C. aurantium seed oil were evaluated with the aim of nutritional evaluation and its biological properties. The C. aurantium oil extracted by two methods of cold pressing and using hexane solvent.The C. aurantium seed fatty acids composition was analyzed by GC-MS, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. In addition, the effects of ultrasonic waves and air pressure on the C. aurantium pulp obtained from cold press extraction by n-hexane was studied. The findings showed that the highest oil yields were obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction (25%) compared to other methods. The five fatty acids including 9-oleic (18.07%), Linoleic (36.69%), palmitic (21.90%), stearic acid (6.6%) and 10-oleic acids (1.1%) were the most phytosterols in C. aurantium seed oil. According to the obtained results, C. aurantium oil can be considered as a new food source.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Chirinos, R., Pedreschi, R., Domínguez, G., and Campos, D. 2015. Comparison of the physico-chemical and phytochemical characteristics of the oil of two Plukenetia Food Chemistry, 173: 1203-1206.
Di Pietro, M. E., Mannu, A., and Mele, A. 2020. NMR determination of free fatty acids in vegetable oils. Processes, 8: 410.
Faborode, M.O., Owolarafe, O.K., Lasisi, A. A., Kasali, S., and Oguntuase, K.S. 2003. Assessment of seed-oil extraction technology in some selected states in Nigeria. Technovation, 23: 545-553.
Ferrer, A., Altabella, T., Arró, M., and Boronat, A. 2017. Emerging roles for conjugated sterols in plants. Progress in lipid research, 67: 27-37.
Garidel, P., Fölting, B., Schaller, I., and Kerth, A. 2010. The microstructure of the stratum corneum lipid barrier: mid-infrared spectroscopic studies of hydrated ceramide: palmitic acid: cholesterol model systems. Biophysical chemistry, 150: 144-156.
Hamedi, A., Zarshenas, M.M., Jamshidzadeh, A., Ahmadi, S., Heidari, R., and Pasdaran, A. 2019. Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) seeds oil: pharmacognostic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties. Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5: 153-164.
Helrich, K. 1990. "Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical Chemists," Association of official analytical chemists.
Liaqat, I., Riaz, N., Saleem, Q.-u.-A., Tahir, H. M., Arshad, M., and Arshad, N. 2018. Toxicological evaluation of essential oils from some plants of Rutaceae family. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018.
Liu, W., Fu, Y.-J., Zu, Y.-G., Tong, M.-H., Wu, N., Liu, X.-L., and Zhang, S. 2009. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of seed oil from Opuntia dillenii Haw. and its antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 114: 334-339.
Luzia, D.M., and Jorge, N. 2013. Bioactive substance contents and antioxidant capacity of the lipid fraction of Annona crassiflora seeds. Industrial Crops and Products, 42: 231-235.
Metcalfe, L., Schmitz, A. A., and Pelka, J. 1966. Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis. Analytical chemistry, 38: 514-515.
Nollet, L.M., and Toldrá, F. Nollet 2015-Handbook of Food Analysis. pdf.
Siger, A., Michalak, M., and Rudzińska, M. 2016. Canolol, tocopherols, plastochromanol‐8, and phytosterols content in residual oil extracted from rapeseed expeller cake obtained from roasted seed. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 118: 1358-1367.
Stevanato, N., and da Silva, C. 2019. Radish seed oil: Ultrasound-assisted extraction using ethanol as solvent and assessment of its potential for ester production. Industrial Crops and Products, 132: 283-291.
Tian, Y., Xu, Z., Zheng, B., and Martin Lo, Y. 2013. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 20: 202-208.
Timilsena, Y.P., Vongsvivut, J., Adhikari, R., and Adhikari, B. 2017. Physicochemical and thermal characteristics of Australian chia seed oil. Food chemistry, 228: 394-402.
Waheed, A., Mahmud, , Saleem, M., and Ahmad, T. 2009. Fatty acid composition of neutral lipid: Classes of Citrus seed oil. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 13: 269-272.
Yang, Y., Zhang, M., Li, J., Su, Y., Gu, L., Yang, Y., and Chang, C. 2022. Construction of egg white protein particle and rhamnolipid based emulsion gels with β-sitosterol as gelation factor: The application in cookie. Food Hydrocolloids, 107479.
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Wiley 7.0 In "Wiley's Scientific, Technical, and Medical Databases". Wiley's Scientific, Technical, and Medical Databases, Wiley's Scientific, Technical, and Medical Databases.
Abou Baker, D.H., Ibrahim, B.M., Hassan, N.S., Yousuf, A., and El Gengaihi, S. 2020. Exploiting Citrus aurantium seeds and their secondary metabolites in the management of Alzheimer disease. Toxicology Reports, 7: 723-729.
Abou Baker, D.H., and Rady, H.M. 2020. Bioassay-guided approach employed to isolate and identify anticancer compounds from Physalis peruviana calyces. Plant archives, 20: 3285-3291.
Adams, R.P. 2007. "Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry," Allured publishing corporation Carol Stream, IL.
Aka, C., KOCA ÇALIŞKAN, U., Baykara, F., and Şekeroğlu, N. 2017. Pharmacopoeia analysis of Citrus aurantium ssp amara engl. and it's fixed oil content. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 51.
AOCS, O. 1998. Methods and recommended practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society. American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, IL, USA.
Cabral, C.E., and Klein, M.R.S.T. 2017. Phytosterols in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 109: 475-482.
Carrín, M. E., and Crapiste, G. H. 2008. Mathematical modeling of vegetable oil–solvent extraction in a multistage horizontal extractor. Journal of Food Engineering, 85: 418-425.
Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A.-G., Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixier, A.-S., and Abert-Vian, M. 2017. Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 34: 540-560.
Chirinos, R., Pedreschi, R., Domínguez, G., and Campos, D. 2015. Comparison of the physico-chemical and phytochemical characteristics of the oil of two Plukenetia Food Chemistry, 173: 1203-1206.
Di Pietro, M. E., Mannu, A., and Mele, A. 2020. NMR determination of free fatty acids in vegetable oils. Processes, 8: 410.
Faborode, M.O., Owolarafe, O.K., Lasisi, A. A., Kasali, S., and Oguntuase, K.S. 2003. Assessment of seed-oil extraction technology in some selected states in Nigeria. Technovation, 23: 545-553.
Ferrer, A., Altabella, T., Arró, M., and Boronat, A. 2017. Emerging roles for conjugated sterols in plants. Progress in lipid research, 67: 27-37.
Garidel, P., Fölting, B., Schaller, I., and Kerth, A. 2010. The microstructure of the stratum corneum lipid barrier: mid-infrared spectroscopic studies of hydrated ceramide: palmitic acid: cholesterol model systems. Biophysical chemistry, 150: 144-156.
Hamedi, A., Zarshenas, M.M., Jamshidzadeh, A., Ahmadi, S., Heidari, R., and Pasdaran, A. 2019. Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) seeds oil: pharmacognostic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties. Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5: 153-164.
Helrich, K. 1990. "Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical Chemists," Association of official analytical chemists.
Liaqat, I., Riaz, N., Saleem, Q.-u.-A., Tahir, H. M., Arshad, M., and Arshad, N. 2018. Toxicological evaluation of essential oils from some plants of Rutaceae family. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018.
Liu, W., Fu, Y.-J., Zu, Y.-G., Tong, M.-H., Wu, N., Liu, X.-L., and Zhang, S. 2009. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of seed oil from Opuntia dillenii Haw. and its antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 114: 334-339.
Luzia, D.M., and Jorge, N. 2013. Bioactive substance contents and antioxidant capacity of the lipid fraction of Annona crassiflora seeds. Industrial Crops and Products, 42: 231-235.
Metcalfe, L., Schmitz, A. A., and Pelka, J. 1966. Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis. Analytical chemistry, 38: 514-515.
Nollet, L.M., and Toldrá, F. Nollet 2015-Handbook of Food Analysis. pdf.
Siger, A., Michalak, M., and Rudzińska, M. 2016. Canolol, tocopherols, plastochromanol‐8, and phytosterols content in residual oil extracted from rapeseed expeller cake obtained from roasted seed. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 118: 1358-1367.
Stevanato, N., and da Silva, C. 2019. Radish seed oil: Ultrasound-assisted extraction using ethanol as solvent and assessment of its potential for ester production. Industrial Crops and Products, 132: 283-291.
Tian, Y., Xu, Z., Zheng, B., and Martin Lo, Y. 2013. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 20: 202-208.
Timilsena, Y.P., Vongsvivut, J., Adhikari, R., and Adhikari, B. 2017. Physicochemical and thermal characteristics of Australian chia seed oil. Food chemistry, 228: 394-402.
Waheed, A., Mahmud, , Saleem, M., and Ahmad, T. 2009. Fatty acid composition of neutral lipid: Classes of Citrus seed oil. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 13: 269-272.
Yang, Y., Zhang, M., Li, J., Su, Y., Gu, L., Yang, Y., and Chang, C. 2022. Construction of egg white protein particle and rhamnolipid based emulsion gels with β-sitosterol as gelation factor: The application in cookie. Food Hydrocolloids, 107479.
