بررسی فیتوشیمیایی اسانس در اکسشن‌های مختلف گیاه دارویی Thymus daenensis Celak.کاشته شده در اراضی مختلف کم ارتفاع در استان گلستان
محورهای موضوعی : فیتوشیمیمحمد علی درّی 1 , ابراهیم شریفی عاشورآبادی 2 , مهدی میرزا 3
1 - عضو هیات علمی مرکزتحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان
2 - دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها ومراتع کشور
3 - استاد موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور
کلید واژه: اکوتیپ, اسانس, تیمول, کارواکرول, آویشن‌دنایی, رویشگاه‌های طبیعی گلستان,
چکیده مقاله :
ارزیابی و مقایسه تغییرات فیتوشیمیایی گونه‌های دارویی در رویشگاه های مختلف به منظور شناسایی، اهلی سازی و انتخاب کموتایپ برتر در هر رویشگاه ضروری است. گیاه آویشن (Thymus daenensis Celak.)از گونه‌های دارویی ارزشمند متعلق به تیره نعناباکاربرد های متعدد دارویی، بهداشتی و آرایشی می باشد، بنابراین شناخت تغییرات فیتوشیمیایی در اکسشن های مختلف آن از اهمیت ویژه در بهبود و اهلی سازی کموتایپ های مختلف آن دارد. اکسشن های گونه آویشن دنایی(Thymus daenensis Celak.) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان در گرگان کاشته و در طی دو سال 1389 و 1390 مطالعه شدند. بدین منظور سرشاخه گلدار گیاه در زمان 50 درصد گلدهی از رویشگاه های مختلف برداشت، در سایه خشک و آسیاب شدند. استخراج اسانس از تمامی اکسشن ها به روش تقطیر با آب انجام گرفت و با استفاده از دستگاه های گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف سنجی جرمی GC/MS آنالیز و مهمترین ترکیب های شیمیایی آنها شناسایی و مقایسه شدند. نتایج نشان داد درصد اسانس این اکسشن ها در دامنه 22/0 تا 6/3 درصد بود که بالاترین میزان آن در اکسشن60 با منشا استان مرکزی1 (6/3 درصد) اندازه گیری شد. در این مطالعه، چندین کموتایپ مهم با بیشترین میزان: لینالول، پارا سیمن، تیمول، کارواکرول و 1،8 سینئول شناسایی شدند. بالاترین میزان درصد ترکیب های : تیمول (72 درصد) و کارواکرول (9/43 درصد) به ترتیب مربوط به اکسشن 60 با منشا استان مرکزی1 و اکسشن 49 با منشا استان اصفهان2 بودند. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که درصد اسانس و میزان تیمول و کارواکرول آویشن دنایی متاثر از تغییرات رویشگاهی بوده بنابراین تعیین مناسبترین رویشگاه به منظور دستیابی به کموتایپ برتر و بهبود یافته الزامی بنظر می رسد و برای تولید بیشتر تیمول و کارواکرول این دو اکسشن را می توان توصیه نمود.
In order to investigate the quality and quantity of essential oil of Thymus daenesis Celak., an experiment was conducted. The essential oil characteristics recognition is important to economical development in Thymus accessions. For This purpose, flowering shoots of eight accessions of T. daenesis were harvested at 50% of flowering stage. They cultivated under field condition at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Golestan and Studied during 2011-2012. The samples were dried in shadow and grinded. Essential oil extraction was carried out by hydro distillation method for three hours. Chemical compounds were identified with GC and GC-MS. Results showed that essential oil yield was between 0.22%- 3.6% that the highest essential oil yield belongs to accession 60 (Markazi1). In this study, main chemotypes were consisting of linalool, thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene and 1, 8-cineole. According to results, the highest percentage of thymol (72%) and carvacrol (43%) were identified in accession 60 (Markazi1) and accession 49 (Isfahan2) respectively. Therefore, according to results of study could be recommended these accessions due to high content thymol and carvacrol.
Aflakian, S., Zeinali, H., Maddah Arefy, H., Enteshary, Sh. and Kaveh, Sh. 2012. Study of yield and yield components in 11 ecotype of Thymus daenensis celak. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28(2): 187-197. (In Persian).
2.Akbarinia, A. and Mirza, M. 2008. Identification of essential oil components of Thymus daenesis Celak. in field condition in Qazvin. Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 12 (3): 58-62.
3.Akbarinia, A., Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E. and Mirza, M. 2010. Study on drug yield and essential oil content and composition of Thymus daenensis celak. under cultivated condition. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(2): 205-212. (In Persian).
4.Bahreininejad, B., Razmjoo, J. and Mirza, M. 2013. Influence of water stress on morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits in Thymus daenensis. International Journal of Plant Production, 7(1): 151-166.
5.Barazandeh, M.M. and Bagherzadeh, K. 2007. Investigation on the chemical composition of the essential of Thymus daenensis Celak. from four different region of Isfahan Province. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 6 (23): 15-19.
6.Chen, S.L., Hua, Y., Luo, H.M., Wu, Q., Li, Ch.F. and Steinmetz, A., 2016. Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants: problems, progress, and prospects. Chinese Medicine, 11(37): 1-10.
7.Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Rahimmalek, M., Malekpoor, F. and Karimi, A. 2011. Variation in antibacterial activity, thymol and carvacrol contents of wild populations of Thymus daenensis subsp. daenensis Celak. Plant Omics Journal, 4 (4): 209-214.
8.Goodner, K.L., Mahattanatawee, K., Plotto, A., Sotomayor, J.A. and Jordán, M.J. 2006. Aromatic profiles of Thymus hyemalis and Spanish T. vulgarisessential oils by GC-MS/GC-O. Industrial Crops and Products, 24: 264-268.
9.Habibi, H., Mazaheri, D., Majnoon Hosseini, N., Chaeechi, M.R., Fakhr-Tabatabaee, M., Bigdeli, M. 2006. Effect of altitude on essential oil and components in wild thyme (Thymus kotschyanus Boiss) Taleghan region. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 73: 2-10.
10.Hasani, J. 2013. Essential oil comparison in Thymus daenensis Celak. And Thymus fedtschenkoi ronniger. in natural Kurdistan habitats. Ecophytochemical Journal of Medical Plants, 1(1): 1-12. (In Persian).
11.Hudaib, M. and Aburjai, T. 2003. Volatile components of Thymus vulgaris L. from wild growing and cultivated plants in Jordan. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 22 (4): 322-327.
12.Jamzad, Z. 2009. Thymus and Satureja species of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication, Tehran. PP: 171.
13.Janssen, A.M., Scheffer, J.J.C. and Svendsen, AB. 1987. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils: A 1976-1986. Literature review. Plant media, 53 (5): 395-397.
14. Karimi, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Malekpour, F., Yousefi, M. and Golparvar, A. R. 2010. Study of ecotypic and chemotypic of Thymus daenensis celak. in Esfahan and Chaharmahal bakhtiari provinces. Journal of Herbal Drugs, 3: 1-10. (In Persian).
15. Khanabc, I., Ashutosh, B., Shruti, S., Faisal, A., Kumar, C., 2020. Antimicrobial potential of the food-grade additive carvacrol against uropathogenic E. coli based on membrane depolarization, reactive oxygen species generation and molecular docking analysis. Microbial Pathogenesis. Volume 142, May 2020, 104046.
16.Khorshidi, J. and Rustaiee, A.R. 2011. Comparison of essential oil components of Thymus daenensis Celak. and T. fedtschenkoi in flowering stage. BioDiversity-Elixir International Journal, 33: 2273-2275.
17.Lee, S.J., Umano, K., Shibamoto, T. and Lee, K.G. 2005. Identification of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and Thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties. Food Chemistry, 91: 131-137.
18.Lidiane, N., Barbosaad, F., Bergamo, C., Bruna, F., Murbach, T., Mariana, A., Vera, L., Mores, R., Henrique, A., Marilia, F., Rabelo, B., 2020 . Proteomic analysis and antibacterial resistance mechanisms of Salmonella enteritidis submitted to the inhibitory effect of Origanum vulgare essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. Journal of Proteomics , Volume 214, 1 March 2020, 103625.
19.Mirza, M, Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E. and Allahverdi Mamaghani, B. 2015. Study of quality and quantity of essential oil of Thyme species cultivated in national botanic garden of Iran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 31(5): 864 – 880.
20.Nikavar, B., Mojab, F. and Doulatabadi, R. 2005. Composition of the volatile oil of Thymus daenensis Celak. subsp. daenensis. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4 (13): 45-49.
21.Rustaiee, A.R., Khorshidi, J., Fakhr Tabatabaei, M., Omidbaigi, R. and Sefidkon, F. 2010. Essential oil composition of Thymus daenensis Celak. during its phenological cycle. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 13(5): 556-560.
22.Sancholi, M., Bagheri, R., Zabiri Ansari, S., Mohammadi, S. and Khadangi Barani, Z. 2013. A comparison of the chemical compounds in the root, leaf, and fruit essences of the Capparis sponisa in the farm and its natural habitat. Plant and Ecosystem, 8(1): 27- 40. (In Persian).
23.Zandi Esfahan,S., Saghaei, F., Ghasemi Pirbalooti, A. and Zandi Esfahan, E. 2015. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of Thymus daenensis Celak in mice. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 30 (6): 977 -984.
24.Zare, M., Ganj Khanloo, H., Sharifi Ashorabadi, E. and Maddah Arefi, H. 2013. Evaluation of genetic variation, compatibility, selection and introduction of suitable germplasm within Thymus daenensis Celak. accessions in Centric province. Ecophytochemical Journal of Medical Plants, 1 (1): 15-24.
_||_Aflakian, S., Zeinali, H., Maddah Arefy, H., Enteshary, Sh. and Kaveh, Sh. 2012. Study of yield and yield components in 11 ecotype of Thymus daenensis celak. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28(2): 187-197. (In Persian).
2.Akbarinia, A. and Mirza, M. 2008. Identification of essential oil components of Thymus daenesis Celak. in field condition in Qazvin. Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 12 (3): 58-62.
3.Akbarinia, A., Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E. and Mirza, M. 2010. Study on drug yield and essential oil content and composition of Thymus daenensis celak. under cultivated condition. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(2): 205-212. (In Persian).
4.Bahreininejad, B., Razmjoo, J. and Mirza, M. 2013. Influence of water stress on morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits in Thymus daenensis. International Journal of Plant Production, 7(1): 151-166.
5.Barazandeh, M.M. and Bagherzadeh, K. 2007. Investigation on the chemical composition of the essential of Thymus daenensis Celak. from four different region of Isfahan Province. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 6 (23): 15-19.
6.Chen, S.L., Hua, Y., Luo, H.M., Wu, Q., Li, Ch.F. and Steinmetz, A., 2016. Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants: problems, progress, and prospects. Chinese Medicine, 11(37): 1-10.
7.Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Rahimmalek, M., Malekpoor, F. and Karimi, A. 2011. Variation in antibacterial activity, thymol and carvacrol contents of wild populations of Thymus daenensis subsp. daenensis Celak. Plant Omics Journal, 4 (4): 209-214.
8.Goodner, K.L., Mahattanatawee, K., Plotto, A., Sotomayor, J.A. and Jordán, M.J. 2006. Aromatic profiles of Thymus hyemalis and Spanish T. vulgarisessential oils by GC-MS/GC-O. Industrial Crops and Products, 24: 264-268.
9.Habibi, H., Mazaheri, D., Majnoon Hosseini, N., Chaeechi, M.R., Fakhr-Tabatabaee, M., Bigdeli, M. 2006. Effect of altitude on essential oil and components in wild thyme (Thymus kotschyanus Boiss) Taleghan region. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 73: 2-10.
10.Hasani, J. 2013. Essential oil comparison in Thymus daenensis Celak. And Thymus fedtschenkoi ronniger. in natural Kurdistan habitats. Ecophytochemical Journal of Medical Plants, 1(1): 1-12. (In Persian).
11.Hudaib, M. and Aburjai, T. 2003. Volatile components of Thymus vulgaris L. from wild growing and cultivated plants in Jordan. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 22 (4): 322-327.
12.Jamzad, Z. 2009. Thymus and Satureja species of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication, Tehran. PP: 171.
13.Janssen, A.M., Scheffer, J.J.C. and Svendsen, AB. 1987. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils: A 1976-1986. Literature review. Plant media, 53 (5): 395-397.
14. Karimi, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Malekpour, F., Yousefi, M. and Golparvar, A. R. 2010. Study of ecotypic and chemotypic of Thymus daenensis celak. in Esfahan and Chaharmahal bakhtiari provinces. Journal of Herbal Drugs, 3: 1-10. (In Persian).
15. Khanabc, I., Ashutosh, B., Shruti, S., Faisal, A., Kumar, C., 2020. Antimicrobial potential of the food-grade additive carvacrol against uropathogenic E. coli based on membrane depolarization, reactive oxygen species generation and molecular docking analysis. Microbial Pathogenesis. Volume 142, May 2020, 104046.
16.Khorshidi, J. and Rustaiee, A.R. 2011. Comparison of essential oil components of Thymus daenensis Celak. and T. fedtschenkoi in flowering stage. BioDiversity-Elixir International Journal, 33: 2273-2275.
17.Lee, S.J., Umano, K., Shibamoto, T. and Lee, K.G. 2005. Identification of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and Thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties. Food Chemistry, 91: 131-137.
18.Lidiane, N., Barbosaad, F., Bergamo, C., Bruna, F., Murbach, T., Mariana, A., Vera, L., Mores, R., Henrique, A., Marilia, F., Rabelo, B., 2020 . Proteomic analysis and antibacterial resistance mechanisms of Salmonella enteritidis submitted to the inhibitory effect of Origanum vulgare essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. Journal of Proteomics , Volume 214, 1 March 2020, 103625.
19.Mirza, M, Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E. and Allahverdi Mamaghani, B. 2015. Study of quality and quantity of essential oil of Thyme species cultivated in national botanic garden of Iran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 31(5): 864 – 880.
20.Nikavar, B., Mojab, F. and Doulatabadi, R. 2005. Composition of the volatile oil of Thymus daenensis Celak. subsp. daenensis. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4 (13): 45-49.
21.Rustaiee, A.R., Khorshidi, J., Fakhr Tabatabaei, M., Omidbaigi, R. and Sefidkon, F. 2010. Essential oil composition of Thymus daenensis Celak. during its phenological cycle. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 13(5): 556-560.
22.Sancholi, M., Bagheri, R., Zabiri Ansari, S., Mohammadi, S. and Khadangi Barani, Z. 2013. A comparison of the chemical compounds in the root, leaf, and fruit essences of the Capparis sponisa in the farm and its natural habitat. Plant and Ecosystem, 8(1): 27- 40. (In Persian).
23.Zandi Esfahan,S., Saghaei, F., Ghasemi Pirbalooti, A. and Zandi Esfahan, E. 2015. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of Thymus daenensis Celak in mice. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 30 (6): 977 -984.
24.Zare, M., Ganj Khanloo, H., Sharifi Ashorabadi, E. and Maddah Arefi, H. 2013. Evaluation of genetic variation, compatibility, selection and introduction of suitable germplasm within Thymus daenensis Celak. accessions in Centric province. Ecophytochemical Journal of Medical Plants, 1 (1): 15-24.