اثر شرایط ادافیکی بر عملکرد فیتوشیمیایی شیرابه گیاه دارویی (Ferula assa-foetida L.) در دو رویشگاه طبیعی در استان کرمان
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییامیر سعادت فر 1 , سمیرا حسین جعفری 2 , ایرج توسلیان 3
1 - استادیار، گروه گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده فناوری تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه شهیدباهنر کرمان
2 - پژوهشگر پسادکتری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویرشناسی، دانشگاه یزد
3 - استادیار، گروه گیاهان دارویی، پژوهشکده فناوری تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه شهیدباهنر کرمان
گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
کلید واژه: خاک, اسانس, رویشگاه, کرمان, شیرابه, آنغوزه تلخ,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر شرایط ادافیکی بر عملکرد شیرابه گیاه آنغوزه تلخ در دو رویشگاه استان کرمان (ارتفاع 2600 متر) در سال 1397 انجام شد. نمونه برداری با روش کاملاً تصادفی از خاک و گیاهان آنغوزه صورت گرفت. پس از بهره‌برداری و اسانس گیری از شیرابه به روش تقطیر با آب، ترکیبات اسانس با دستگاه GC-MS تعیین گردید. نتایج آزمون T-test نشان داد که درصد رطوبت، سیلت، مواد آلی، فسفر (01/0>p) و نیتروژن (05/0>p) در رویشگاه پا سیب و درصد شن، میزان آهک و پتاسیم در رویشگاه سردر به‌طور معنی داری بیشتر بود (01/0>p). میزان شیرابه کل و بازده اسانس در رویشگاه پا سیب (86/66 گرم و 6 درصد) به‌ترتیب افزایش و کاهش معنی داری نسبت به رویشگاه سردر (37/56 گرم و 8 درصد) داشت (01/0>p). درصد ترکیبات اصلی اسانس از قبیل ای-یک-پروپنیل سکندری بوتیل دی سولفید (48/51 درصد)، آلفا-پینن (92/6 درصد)، بتا-پینن (34/9 درصد) و سیس-اوسیمن (65/7 درصد) در منطقه سردر بیشتر از رویشگاه پاسیب (به‌ترتیب 75/49، 22/3، 87/5 و 64/7 درصد) بود. در هر دو رویشگاه بیشترین شیرابه تولیدی در برش 10 مشاهده شد. طبق نتایج آنالیز همبستگی، بین عملکرد شیرابه با رطوبت، سیلت، ماده آلی، نیتروژن و فسفر همبستگی مثبت و معنی دار وجود داشت. بین پارامترهای بازده اسانس، ترکیبات گوگردی، آلفا-پینن، بتا-پینن و لیمونن با رطوبت همبستگی منفی و با آهک همبستگی مثبت مشاهده گر د ید (01/0p<). نتایج مشخص نمود که تفاوت در میزان شیرابه، کمیت و کیفیت اسانس می تواند به دلیل شرایط ادافیکی یا تغییرات ژنتیکی باشد. به‌منظور حفظ و بهره برداری پایدار از این گیاه، برداشت طی 10 مرحله تیغ زنی پیشنهاد می‌شود.
This study was performed in 2018 to investigate the effect of edaphic conditions on latex yield of (Ferula assa-foetida L.) in two natural habitats of Kerman province located in elevation of 2600 m. Soil and This plant samplings were done using completely randomized method. After extraction of later essential oil by hydro-distillation method, and were analyzed by using GC-MS. The results of T-test showed that moisture, silt, organic matter, phosphorous (p<0.01) and nitrogen (p<0.05) parameters had a significant increase in Paseeb habitat but in Sardar habitat other parameters including sand percentage, calcium carbonate and potassium were significant (p<0.01). Total amount of latex and the essential oil content indicated a significant increase and decrease in Paseeb habitat (66.86 gr and 6%) compared to Sardar habitat (56.37 gr and 8%), respectively. The main compounds percentages such as (E)-1-propenyl sec butyl disulfide (51.48%), α-Pinene (6.92%), β-Pinene (9.34%) and Cis-Ocimene (7.65%) in Sardar region was more than Paseeb habitat (49.75%, 3.22%, 5.87% and 7.64%, respectively). Both habitats had the most latex yield in 10 incisions. Based on the results, there was positive and significant correlation between latex yield with the moisture, silt, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous. There was a negative correlation between essential oil contents, sulfurous compounds, α-Pinene, β-Pinene and Limonene with moisture but a positive correlation between these parameters with lime amount (p<0.01). The results indicated that the difference in latex yield, quantity and quality of essential oil can be due to edaphic conditions or genetic changes. In order to maintain and sustainable use of this plant, harvesting is recommended during 10 stages of razor cutting.
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