بررسی و مقایسه فیتوشیمیایی اسانس گیاه دارویی Thymus daenensis Celak در شرایط رویشگاه‌های طبیعی و مزرعه

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

جلال خورشیدی ¹ (گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشگاه کردستان)
مجید شکرپور ² (دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی دانشگاه تهران)
وحیده ناظری ³ (استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشگاه تهران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/10/24 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/11/14 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/03/01

کلید واژه: اسانس, تیمول, آویشن دنایی, مزرعه, رویشگاه طبیعی,

چکیده مقاله :

در فرایند اهلی‌سازی یک گیاه دارویی، ارزیابی تغییرات کمی و کیفی ماده موثره ضمن انتقال از رویشگاه طبیعی به مزرعه، امری ضروری است. آویشن دنایی(Thymus daenensis Celak.) از گیاهان دارویی باارزش اندمیک ایران است که به لحاظ دارا بودن اسانس بالا از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. در این مطالعه، کمیت و کیفیت اسانس سه اکوتیپ از استان‌های همدان، مرکزی و لرستان در شرایط رویشگاه طبیعی و مزرعه ارزیابی شد.پیکره هوایی گیاهان رویشگاه و مزرعه در مرحله‌ی تمام گل برداشت‌شده، سپس اسانس‌گیری از آنها با روش تقطیر با آب به کمک دستگاه کلونجر انجام گرفت و اسانس‌ها توسط دستگاه‌های GC و GC/MS آنالیز شدند.نتایج نشان داد که میزان اسانس اکوتیپ‌ها در رویشگاه طبیعی اختلاف معنی‌داری با هم داشتند ولی در شرایط کشت در مزرعه این اختلاف معنی‌دار نبود. درصد اسانس اکوتیپ استان همدان در شرایط مزرعه بیشتر از شرایط رویشگاه طبیعی بود ولی در دو اکوتیپدیگرمیزان اسانس در رویشگاه طبیعی بیشتر از مزرعه بود.ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده‌ی اسانس در همه‌ی اکوتیپ‌ها هم در شرایط رویشگاه و هم در شرایط مزرعه تقریباً مشابه بود، اما در نوع ترکیبات غالب و نیز میزان آنها در اکوتیپ‌های مختلف در شرایط رویشگاه و مزرعه تفاوت‌هایی مشاهده شد. در مجموع بیشترین میزان اسانس(5 درصد)و تیمول(45/75 درصد)به ترتیب در اکوتیپ‌های مرکزی و لرستان تحت شرایطرویشگاه طبیعیمشاهده گردید.همانطور که نتایج نشان داد درصد اسانس و تیمول آویشن‌دنایی به شدت تحت تاثیر شرایط رویشگاهی بود و لذا مطالعه و تعیین مناسب‌ترین محیط کشت ثانویه جهت اهلی‌سازی این گیاه امری ضروری است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In the domestication process of medicinal plants, evaluation of qualitative and quantitative changes of active ingredients is necessary after transfer from natural habitat to field conditions. Thymus daenensis Celak is an endemic vulnerable medicinal plants of Iran, which become especially important due to high essential oil content. In this study, essential oil quantity and quality of three ecotypes from Hamedan, Markazi and Lorestan provinces were evaluated under natural habitat and field conditions. Aerial parts of plants in natural habitat and field were harvested in full bloom stage and their essential oils were obtained by water distillation method using Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results indicated that essential oil content of the ecotypes was significantly different in natural habitat, but this difference was not significant in field. Essential oil of Hamedan province ecotype in field was more than natural habitat, but in two others ecotypes, essential oil content in natural habitat was greater than field conditions. Essential oil components in all ecotypes were almost same in both natural habitat and field, but there were differences in dominant components and their amount in natural habitat and field conditions. Finally, the highest content of essential oil (5 %) and thymol (75.45 %) were observed in Markazi and Lorestan ecotypes under natural habitat, respectively. As the results indicated, essential oil content and thymol of Thymus daenensis Celak was strongly influenced by habitat conditions and therefore study and determine the most appropriate secondary culture medium is necessary for domestication of this plant

منابع و مأخذ:

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