بررسی فیتوشیمیایی و بهبود عملکرد اسانس گیاه دارویی Cuminum cyminum L. با محلول‌پاشی فعال‌کننده‌ی متابولیک پلورامین و تنظیم‌کننده رشد بیواکس تحت شرایط دیم
محورهای موضوعی :
گیاهان دارویی
سعید حضرتی
1
(دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران)
فرهاد حبیب زاده
2
(استادیار، گروه ژنتیک و به‌نژادی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران)
سعید ملائی
3
(استادیار، گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران)
زهرا معصوم پور
4
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران)
پرینا اصغریان
5
(دانشیار، ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی داروﯾﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ، تبریز، ایران)
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/09/29
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/01/21
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/06/01
کلید واژه:
دیم,
اسانس,
زیره سبز,
محلول‌پاشی,
اسید آمینه,
تنظیم کننده رشد,
چکیده مقاله :
گیاه دارویی زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) سرشار از متابولیت‌های ثانویه، دارای ارزش اقتصادی فراوان و تنها زیره زراعی در ایران است. در این تحقیق به منظور ارزیابی تاثیر محلول‌پاشی محرک رشد پلورامین و بیواکس بر این گیاه در شرایط دیم، آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان (1396 و 1397) اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل محلول‌پاشی پلورامین در غلظت‌های صفر، 5/2 و 5 گرم در لیتر و بیواکس در سطوح صفر، 5 و 10 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر بودند. اسانس توسط دستگاه کلونجر با روش تقطیر با آب، استخراج و توسطGC-MS آنالیز گردید. تاثیر محلول‌پاشی پلورامین بر وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در چتر و بازده اسانس و اثر محلول‌پاشی بیواکس بر ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد دانه در چتر و درصد و عملکرد اسانس معنی‌دار بود. اثر متقابل فاکتورهای آزمایشی نیز بر تعداد دانه در چتر، درصد و عملکرد اسانس معنی‌دار گردید. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که بالاترین درصد و عملکرد اسانس با اختلاف معنی‌داری به محلول‌پاشی 10 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر بیواکس تعلق داشت؛ بعد از آن، محلول‌پاشی 5/2 گرم در لیتر پلورامین، بالاترین درصد اسانس را تولید نمود. عمده‌ترین ترکیبات شناسایی شده در همه تیمارها، شامل 3-کارن-10-آل ، پارا-سیمن، پی-کومیک آلدئید، گاما-ترپینن، بتا-پینن و 2-کارن-10-آل بود. بیشترین مقدار ترکیب 3-کارن-10-آل با محلول‌پاشی 5 گرم در لیتر پلورامین و 5 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر بیواکس به‌دست آمد؛ یعنی محلول‌پاشی همزمان، باعث افزایش این ترکیب شد. بیشترین مقدار پارا-سیمن، گاما-ترپینن و بتا-پینن با محلول‌پاشی 10 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر بیواکس و کم‌ترین میزان این ترکیب با محلول‌پاشی 5 گرم در لیتر پلورامین و 5 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر بیواکس به‌دست آمد. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی محرک رشد پلورامین و بیواکس می‌تواند عملکرد و ترکیب‌های موجود در اسانس زیره سبز را تحت شرایط دیم بهبود دهد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Cumin (Cumin cyminum L.) the only cumin crop in Iran, which is rich in secondary metabolites has great economic value and is. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of growth stimulant of pluramin and bioxa on this plant, a field study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan in 2017- 2018. Experimental factors included foliar application of pluramin at the concentrations of 0, 2.5 and 5 g.l-1 and bioxa at the levels of 0, 5 and 10 ml.l-1. The essential oil was extracted using hydro-distillation method in Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS. The effect of foliar application of pluramin on 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per umbel and essential oil yield and the effect of foliar application of bioxa on plant height, number of seeds per umbel and content and yield of essential oil were significant. The interaction of experimental factors on the number of seeds per umbel, content and yield of essential oil was significant. Comparison of means showed that the highest content and yield of essential oil with a significant difference belonged to the foliar application of 10 ml.l-1 bioxa; after that, spraying 2.5 g.l-1 of pluramin produced the highest content of essential oil. The major compounds identified in all treatments included 3-carn-10-al, para-cement, p-comic aldehyde, gamma-terpinene, beta-pinene and 2-carn-10-al. The highest essential oil yield was obtained from foliar application of 10 ml.l-1 bioxa, which was significantly different from the other levels of foliar application. That is, simultaneous foliar application increased this compound. The highest amount of para-cymene, gamma-terpinene and beta-pinene was obtained by spraying 10 ml.l-1 bioxa and the lowest amount of these compounds were obtained by spraying 5 g.l-1 pluramin and 5 ml.l-1 bioxa. Overall, the results showed that foliar application of growth stimulants of pluramin and bioxa can improve the yield and composition of cumin essential oil under the rainfed conditions.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Allahghadri T., Rasooli, I., Owlia, P., Jalali Nadooshan, M., Ghazanfari, T., Taghizadeh, M. and Darvish Alipoor Astaneh, S. 2010. Antimicrobial property, antioxidant capacity, and cytotoxicity of essential oil from cumin produced in Iran. Journal of Food Science, 75: 54–61.
Allaq, A.A., Sidik, N.J., Abdul-Aziz, A., and Ahmed, I.A. 2020. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum). A review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry. Biomedical Research and Therapy, 7(9): 4016-4021.
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El-Ghorab A.H., Nauman, M., Anjum, F.M., Hussain, S. and Nadeem, M.A. 2010. Comparative study on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(14): 8231-8237.
El-Shabasi, M.S., Mohamed, S.M. and Mahfouz, S.A. 2005. Effect of foliar spray with amino acids on growth, yield and chemical composition of garlic plants. The 6th Arabian Conference for Horticulture.
Faten, S.A., Shaheen, A.M., Ahmad, A.A. and Mahmoud, A.R. 2010. Effect of foliar application of amino acids as antioxidants on growth, yield and characteristics of squash. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 6(5): 583-588.
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Golzadeh, H., Mehrafarin, A., Naghdi Badi, H., Fazeli, F., Ghaderi, A. and Zarincheh, N. 2011. Effects of bio-stimulants on quantitative and qualitative yield of German chamomile. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 11(41): 195-207. (in Persian)
Haghiroalsadat F., Vahidi, A., Sabour, M., Azimzadeh, M., Kalantar, M. and Sharafadini, M. 2011. The indigenous Cuminum cyminum of Yazd province: chemical assessment and evaluation of its antioxidant effects. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 19 (4) :472-481. (in Persian)
Hanelt, P.H., Büttner, R., Mansfeld, R. and Kilian, R. 2001. Mansfield’s Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops. Berlin, Springer, p. 511.
Iacobellis, N., Cantore P., Capasoo F. and Senatore, F. 2005. Antibacterial activity of Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi L. essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and food chemistry, 53: 57-61.
Khan, S., Yu, H., Li, Q., Gao, Y., Sallam, B.N., Wang, H. and Jiang, W. 2019. Exogenous application of amino acids improves the growth and yield of lettuce by enhancing photosynthetic assimilation and nutrient availability. Agronomy, 9(5): 266.
Mahmoudi, R., Ehsani, A. and Zare, P. 2012. Phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Cuminum cyminum essential oil. Food Research, 22(3): 311-321.
Mnif, S. and Aifa, S. 2015. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) from traditional uses to potential biomedical applications. Chemistry and Biodiversity. 12(5): 733-742.
Mohamed, A.A., El-Hefny, M., El-Shanhorey, N.A. and Ali, H.M. 2020. Foliar application of bio-stimulants enhancing the production and the toxicity of Origanum majorana essential oils Against Four Rice Seed-Borne Fungi. Molecules, 25(10): 2363.
Noroozlo, Y.A., Souri, M.K., and Delshad, M. 2019. Stimulation effects of foliar applied glycine and glutamine amino acids on Lettuce Growth. Open Agriculture, 4(1): 164-172.
Ranjbarian, P., Sadeghian, S., Shirazi, M., Sarraf-Nejad, A., Fazeli, M., Amin, G., et al. 2004. Antimicrobial properties of four plant essential oils and essences against pylori using disc diffusion and flow cytometry methods. Scientific Journal of Medical University of Hamadan, 33(11): 42-7. (in Persian)
Rasool, A., Bhat, K.M., Sheikh, A. A., Jan, A. and Hassan, S. 2020. Medicinal plants: Role, distribution and future. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(2): 2111-2114.
Rezakhani, A. and Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R. 2017. Effect of manure and foliar application of amino acids on growth characteristics, seed yield and essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 48(3): 777-786. (in Persian)
Sadak, S.H.M, Abdelhamid, M.T. and Schmidhalter, U. 2015. Effect of foliar application of amino acids on plant yield and physiological parameters in bean plants irrigated with seawater. Acta Biologica Colombiana, 20(1): 141-152.
Shehata S.A., Gharib, A.A., E1-Mogy, M.M., Abdel Gawad, K.F. and Shalaby, E. 2011. Influence of compost, amino and humic acids on the growth, and yield and chemical parameters of strawberries. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5: 2304-2308.
Taj, F., Khan, M.A., Ali, H. and Khan, R.S. 2019. Improved production of industrially important essential oils through elicitation in the adventitious roots of Artemisia amygdalina. Plants, 8(10): 430.
Thomas, J., Mandal, A.K.A., Raj Kumar, R. and Chrodia, A. 2009. Role of biologically active amino acid formulations on quality and crop productivity of Tea (Camelia ). International Journal of Agricultural Research, 4: 228-36.
Wafaa, H.A., Rania, M.R. and El-Shafay, R.M.M. 2021. Effect of spraying with extracts of plants and amino acids on growth and productivity on Coriandrum sativum plants under shalateen condition. Plant Archives, 21(1): 300-307.
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Adams, R.P. and Sparkman, O.D. 2007. Review of identification of essential oil components by Gas Chromatography /Mass Spectrometry. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 18: 803-806.
Allahghadri T., Rasooli, I., Owlia, P., Jalali Nadooshan, M., Ghazanfari, T., Taghizadeh, M. and Darvish Alipoor Astaneh, S. 2010. Antimicrobial property, antioxidant capacity, and cytotoxicity of essential oil from cumin produced in Iran. Journal of Food Science, 75: 54–61.
Allaq, A.A., Sidik, N.J., Abdul-Aziz, A., and Ahmed, I.A. 2020. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum). A review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry. Biomedical Research and Therapy, 7(9): 4016-4021.
British Pharmacopoeia. 1993. British Pharmacopoeia Commission. H.M. Stationery Office, London.
Ekor, M. 2014. The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10; 4:177.
El-Ghorab A.H., Nauman, M., Anjum, F.M., Hussain, S. and Nadeem, M.A. 2010. Comparative study on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(14): 8231-8237.
El-Shabasi, M.S., Mohamed, S.M. and Mahfouz, S.A. 2005. Effect of foliar spray with amino acids on growth, yield and chemical composition of garlic plants. The 6th Arabian Conference for Horticulture.
Faten, S.A., Shaheen, A.M., Ahmad, A.A. and Mahmoud, A.R. 2010. Effect of foliar application of amino acids as antioxidants on growth, yield and characteristics of squash. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 6(5): 583-588.
Fatima, T., Beenish, B.N., Gani, G., Qadri, T. and Bhat, T.A. 2018. Antioxidant potential and health benefits of cumin. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 6(2): 232-236.
Gawronak, H. 2008. Biostimulators in modern agriculture (general aspects). Arysta Life Science. Published by the editorial House wies Jutra, Limited. Warsaw.
Golzadeh, H., Mehrafarin, A., Naghdi Badi, H., Fazeli, F., Ghaderi, A. and Zarincheh, N. 2011. Effects of bio-stimulants on quantitative and qualitative yield of German chamomile. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 11(41): 195-207. (in Persian)
Haghiroalsadat F., Vahidi, A., Sabour, M., Azimzadeh, M., Kalantar, M. and Sharafadini, M. 2011. The indigenous Cuminum cyminum of Yazd province: chemical assessment and evaluation of its antioxidant effects. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 19 (4) :472-481. (in Persian)
Hanelt, P.H., Büttner, R., Mansfeld, R. and Kilian, R. 2001. Mansfield’s Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops. Berlin, Springer, p. 511.
Iacobellis, N., Cantore P., Capasoo F. and Senatore, F. 2005. Antibacterial activity of Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi L. essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and food chemistry, 53: 57-61.
Khan, S., Yu, H., Li, Q., Gao, Y., Sallam, B.N., Wang, H. and Jiang, W. 2019. Exogenous application of amino acids improves the growth and yield of lettuce by enhancing photosynthetic assimilation and nutrient availability. Agronomy, 9(5): 266.
Mahmoudi, R., Ehsani, A. and Zare, P. 2012. Phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Cuminum cyminum essential oil. Food Research, 22(3): 311-321.
Mnif, S. and Aifa, S. 2015. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) from traditional uses to potential biomedical applications. Chemistry and Biodiversity. 12(5): 733-742.
Mohamed, A.A., El-Hefny, M., El-Shanhorey, N.A. and Ali, H.M. 2020. Foliar application of bio-stimulants enhancing the production and the toxicity of Origanum majorana essential oils Against Four Rice Seed-Borne Fungi. Molecules, 25(10): 2363.
Noroozlo, Y.A., Souri, M.K., and Delshad, M. 2019. Stimulation effects of foliar applied glycine and glutamine amino acids on Lettuce Growth. Open Agriculture, 4(1): 164-172.
Ranjbarian, P., Sadeghian, S., Shirazi, M., Sarraf-Nejad, A., Fazeli, M., Amin, G., et al. 2004. Antimicrobial properties of four plant essential oils and essences against pylori using disc diffusion and flow cytometry methods. Scientific Journal of Medical University of Hamadan, 33(11): 42-7. (in Persian)
Rasool, A., Bhat, K.M., Sheikh, A. A., Jan, A. and Hassan, S. 2020. Medicinal plants: Role, distribution and future. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(2): 2111-2114.
Rezakhani, A. and Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R. 2017. Effect of manure and foliar application of amino acids on growth characteristics, seed yield and essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 48(3): 777-786. (in Persian)
Sadak, S.H.M, Abdelhamid, M.T. and Schmidhalter, U. 2015. Effect of foliar application of amino acids on plant yield and physiological parameters in bean plants irrigated with seawater. Acta Biologica Colombiana, 20(1): 141-152.
Shehata S.A., Gharib, A.A., E1-Mogy, M.M., Abdel Gawad, K.F. and Shalaby, E. 2011. Influence of compost, amino and humic acids on the growth, and yield and chemical parameters of strawberries. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5: 2304-2308.
Taj, F., Khan, M.A., Ali, H. and Khan, R.S. 2019. Improved production of industrially important essential oils through elicitation in the adventitious roots of Artemisia amygdalina. Plants, 8(10): 430.
Thomas, J., Mandal, A.K.A., Raj Kumar, R. and Chrodia, A. 2009. Role of biologically active amino acid formulations on quality and crop productivity of Tea (Camelia ). International Journal of Agricultural Research, 4: 228-36.
Wafaa, H.A., Rania, M.R. and El-Shafay, R.M.M. 2021. Effect of spraying with extracts of plants and amino acids on growth and productivity on Coriandrum sativum plants under shalateen condition. Plant Archives, 21(1): 300-307.
