بررسی اکوفیتوشیمیایی اسانس سه گونه از گیاه دارویی Artemisia L. متاثر از اقلیم و مراحل فنولوژیکی مختلف در استان خوزستان

محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی

محمدرضا نظرپور ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران)
مهراب یادگاری ² (دانشیار، گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/08/06 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/02/29 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/06/01

کلید واژه: اقلیم, اسانس, خوزستان, آلفا-پینن, اکوفیتوشیمی, آرتمیزیا-کتون,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی اثرات شرایط اقلیمی دو منطقه مختلف از استان خوزستان (مسجدسلیمان و ایذه) و مراحل فنولوژیکی (رشد رویشی، گلدهی و بذردهی) بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی اسانس سرشاخه هوایی سه گونه از جنسArtemisia (دشتی sieberi، کوهی aucheri و معمولی vulgaris) از خانواده کاسنی بود. این تحقیق در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در 3 تکرار انجام شد. پس از جمع‌آوری سرشاخه هوایی گیاهان در مراحل مختلف، اسانس‌گیری به روش تقطیر با بخار آب توسط دستگاه کلونجر صورت گرفت و پس از آماده‌سازی، جهت شناسایی ترکیبات به دستگاه GC و GC/MS تزریق گردید. بیشترین ترکیبات مؤثره اسانس شامل آلفا-پینن، کامفن، سابینن، لیمونن، آرتمیزیا-کتون، بورنئول، کاریوفیلن، ژرماکرن-دی و بتا-اودسمول بود. نتایج نشاندهنده اثرگذاری معنی‌دار مناطق و مراحل فنولوژیکی بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس بود. بیشترین میزان اسانس (57/2 درصد) در گونه A.aucheri L. تحت اقلیم مسجد سلیمان و در مرحله گلدهی و کمترین میزان اسانس (61/1 درصد) در گونه A.vulgaris L. تحت اقلیم ایذه و در مرحله بذردهی حاصل گردید. بیشترین میزان ترکیبات معطر مانند آلفا-پینن، سابینن و بورنئول (گروه مونوترپن‌های هیدروکربنه) و کاریوفیلن (سزکوئی ترپن هیدروکربنه) در اسانس گونه های درمنه در مرحله انتهای رشد رویشی به‌دست آمد. با تغییر منطقه از سردسیر (ایذه) روبه گرمسیر (مسجدسلیمان)، میزان ترکیبات معطر موجود در اسانس مانند آلفا-پینن و لیمونن از گروه مونوترپن‌های هیدروکربنه کاهش، ولی ترکیبات سزکوئی‌ترپن مانند کاریوفیلن افزایش یافت. پیشنهاد می‌شود در جهت استحصال اسانس بیشتر در سه گونه مورد مطالعه درمنه، در مرحله گلدهی و در مناطق گرمسیر اقدام به بهره‌برداری نمود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The most essential oil compounds in the A.sieberi L., A.aucheri L. and A.vulgaris L. were alpha-pinene, camphene, sabinene, limonene, artemisia-ketone, borneol, caryophyllene, germacrene-D and beta-eudesmol.  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of climatic conditions of two different regions of Khuzestan province (Masjed Soleiman and Izeh) and phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and seeding stages) on ​​the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of essential oil of three species of Artemisia (sieberi, aucheri and vulgaris) belonging to the Asteraceae family. This research was conducted in a completely randomized design in 3 replications. After collecting the shoots of plants in different stages, the essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and GC and GC / MS was used to identify the compounds. The most effective essential oil compounds were alpha-pinene, camphene, sabinen, limonene, artemisia-ketone, borneol, caryophyllene, germacrene-di and beta-odemsol. In addition, the amounts of volatile components and monoterpene hydrocarbons such as alpha-pinene and limonene in essential oils decreased from Masjed-Solieyman (tropical) to Izeh (temperate), however the percentage of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as caryophyllene increased. Therfore to obtain the most essential oil in the three studied species of Artemisia, harvesting in tropical climate at the beginning of flowering stage is suggested.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Aboukhalid, K., Al Faiz, C., Douaik, A., Bakha, M., Kursa, K., Agacka-Mołdoch, M., Machon, N., Tomi, F. and Lamiri, A. 2017. Influence of environmental factors on essential oil variability in Origanum compactum growing wild in Morocco. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 14(9): 158-164.


2. Adams, R.P. 2001. Identification of essential oil components by Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectroscopy. Allured publishing Corp, Carol Stream, USA, p: 456.


3. Alimohammadi, M., Yadegari, M. and Shirmardi, H.A. 2017. Effect of elevation and phonological stages on essential oil composition of Stachys. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 42: 647-656.


4. Amiri, N., Yadegari, M. and Hamedi, B. 2018. Essential oil composition of Cirsium arvense produced in different climate and soil properties. Records of Natural Products, 12: 251-262.


5. Apodaca, L.F., Devitt, D.A. and Fenstermaker, L.F. 2017. Assessing growth response to climate in a Great Basin big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) plant community. Dendrochronologia, 45: 52-61.‏


6. Arianfar, M., Akbari Nodehi, D., Khodayar, H. and Rostampour, M. 2018. Effect of height and aspect on essential oil yield and some phytochemical properties of medicinal plants. Artemisia aucheri , and Artemisia sieberi .Besser in South Khorasan rangelands. Journal of Rangeland, 11(3): 281-294.


7. Arjmand, M.J., Bagheri, R., Beheshti rad, M. 2014. The allelopathic effect of Artemisia aucheri on germination and primary development of Amygdalus scoparia. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 1(4): 68-78.


8. Azarnivand, H., Ghavam Arabani, M. and Sefidkon, F. 2010. The effect of ecological characteristics on quality and quantity of the essential oils of Achillea millefolium Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25: 556-571.


9. Baczek, K., Kosavowska, O., Jaroslaw, L. and Przibil, Z. 2016. Accumulation of phenolic compounds in the purple betony herb (Stachys officinalis L.) originated from cultivation. Herbal Botanica, 62: 7-16.


10. Ghasemi Arian, A., Fazeli Kakhki, S.F. and Rohani, H. 2019. Investigation of some ecological characteristics of Artemisia sieberi and estimation of its density by neural networks in Roodab section of Sabzevar. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 7(4): 97-109.


11. Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Firoznezhad, M., Craker, L. and Akbarzadeh, M. 2013. Essential oil compositions, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of various populations of Artemisia chamaemelifolia at two phenological stages. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23: 861-869.‏


12. Ghorbani Ghozhdi, H., Sahraroo, A. and Asghari, H.R. 2008. Composition of essential oil of Artemisia sieberi and Artemisia khorasanica from Iran. World Applied Sciences Journal, 5(3): 363-366.


13. Haider, F., Kumar, N., Banerigee, S., Naqvi, A. and Baggi, G. 2009. Effect of altitude on the essential oil constituents of Artemisia roxburghiana Besser var. Purpurascens (Jacq) Hook. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 21: 303–


14. Hiremath, C., Yadav, M.K., Swamy Gowda, M.R., Kumar, A.N. and Srinivas, K.V.N. 2020. Influence of growth stage on essential oil content and major chemical constituents of Artemisia pallens Trends in Phytochemical Research, 4: 85-92.‏


15. Jamshidi, A., Aminzadeh, M., Azarnivand, H. and Abedi, M. 2006. Effect of elevation on quantity and quality of Thymus kotschyanus Journal of Medicinal Plants, 18: 17-22.


16. Javidnia, K. and Miri, R. 2003. Composition of the essential oil of Salvia syriaca L. orientale. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 15: 118-119.


17. Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M. and Khazaei, H.R. 2011. Feasibility study for domestication of Teucrium polium based on ecological agriculture. Journal of Crop Research, 6: 395-404.


18. Liu, T., Linb, P., Bao, T., Ding, Y., Lha, O., Nan, P., Huang, Y., Gu, Zh. and Zhong, Y. 2018. Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of Artemisia dracunculus var. qinghaiensis Y.R. Ling (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Industrial Crops and Products, 125: 1-4.


19. Maxwell, A. and Jones, P. 2007. Factors affecting the growth and secondary metabolism of medicinal plants. Mississippi State, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center. 5421 S Hwy 145, Verona, MS 38879.


20. Mazandarani, M., Makari, S. and Bajian, G.R. 2011. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different parts of Heracleum gorganicum in Golestan province, North of Iran. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2: 381-388.


21. Mazareei, A. and Fahmideh, L. 2019. Evaluation of phenolic compounds, anti-oxidant and anti bacteria function of metanolic extraction of Artemisia annua, Thymus vulgaris L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Salvia officinalis L. and Pistacia atlantica var mutica. Journal of Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 6(3): 78-95.


22. Mirza, M. 2002. Evaluation of quantity and quality of essential oil composition in Teucrium polium. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 37: 200-213.


23. Moghtader, M., Salari, H., Mozafari, H. and Farahmand, A. 2019. Evaluation of phytochemical and antifungal effect of essential oil of Artemisia persica Boiss. in comparion with borneol against of Aspergillus niger. Online Journal of Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, January.


24. Mohammadian, F. and Yadegari, M. 2015. Ecological diversity and phytochemical properties of Stachys pilifera in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 10: 182-188.


25. Mozaffarian, V. 2012. Identification of medicinal and aromatic plants of Iran. Farhang moaser publishers, Tehran, 1444p. (In Persian)


26. Mozaffarian, V. 2008. A pictorial dictionary of botanical taxonomy latin-english-french-Germany-Persian. Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.


27. Oloumi, H. and Hasibi, N. 2012. Evaluation of secondary metabolites in roots of Glycerizia glabra in some of natural habitats in Kerman province. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 11: 55-68.


28. Omer, A. 2008. Effect of soil type and seasonal variation on growth, yield, essential oil and artemisin content of Artemisia annua International Research Journal of Horticulture, 1: 15-27.


29. Phirozjaee, M., Hemati, Kh. , Khorasani nejad, S. and Garmekhani, A. 2014. Morphological and biochemical properties of leaves of Urtica dioica in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Journal of Eco-physiology Research, 35: 1-11.


30. Rana, V.S., Abirami, K., Blázquez, M.A. and Maiti, S. 2013. Essential oil composition of Artemisia annua at different growth stages. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 22: 181-187.‏


31. Reesi, Z., Yadegari, M. and Shirmardi, H.A. 2019. Effects of phenological stage and elevation on phytochemical characteristics of essential oil of Teucrium polium and Teucrium orientale L. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 6: 89-99.


32. Rezaloo, A., Rezaloo, K., Karimzadeh, Gh. and Omidbeigi, R. 2011. Evaluation of environmental characters on physico-chemical properties of Linum usitatissimum Journal of Medicinal Plants, 10: 34-42.


33. Rustaiyan, A. and Faridchehr, A. 2014. A review on constituents and biological activities of further Iranian Artemisia International Journal Pharm Biology Chemsitry Science, 3(3): 6-14.


34. Safari, Kh. , Yadegari, M. and Hamedi, B. 2019. Effects of climate and soil properties on phytochemical characteristics of Ferulago angulate (Schltdl.) Boiss. Journal of Plant Physiology, 9: 2719-2726.


35. Sardrodi, A., Soleimani, A., Kheiry, A. and Zibaseresht, R. 2017. Essential oil composition of Achillea aucheri at different growing altitudes in Damavand, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 19: 357-364.


36. Sonboli, A., Kanani, M.R., Yousefzadeh, M. and Mojarad, M. 2008. Comparison between chemical components and antibacterial characters in essential oil of Salvia hydrangea in two various region. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 8: 20-29.


37. Viljoen, A.M., Petkar, S. and Van Vuuren, S.F.A. 2006. Chemo geographical variation in essential oil composition and the antimicrobial properties of Mentha longifolia sub sp. polyadena in southern Africa. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 18: 60-65.


38. Yadegari, M. 2014. Foliar application effects of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on the essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 43: 417-424.


39. Yazdani, D., Jamshidi, A.H. and Mojab, F. 2002. Evaluation of essential oil and Menthol in Mentha piperita sowing in various regions in Iran. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 21: 73-78.

Yousefi, S. and Yadegari, M. 2016. Effects of environmental conditions on morphological and physiological characters of Cynara scolymus. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 45: 605-610