بررسی مهمترین نیازهای اکولوژیکی، ترکیب‌های شیمیایی اسانس، فنل و فلاونوئید کل و آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه داروییPhlomis herba-venti به همراه تهیه طیف فلورستیک گونه‌های منطقه هزارجریب بهشهر

محورهای موضوعی : علوم مرتع

عیسی جعفری فوتمی ¹ (1دانشجوی دکتری علوم مرتع، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران)
موسی اکبرلو ² (2دانشیار گروه علوم مرتع، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران)
معصومه مازندرانی ³ (دانشیار، گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی گرگان، گرگان، ایران)
محمد رحیم فروزه ⁴ (استادیار گروه علوم مرتع، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/06/24 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/09/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/12/01

کلید واژه: اسانس, اتنوفارماکولوژی, آنتی‌اکسیدان, فنل و فلاونوئید کل, گوش بره (Phlomis herba-venti),

چکیده مقاله :

این مطالعه با هدف بررسی مهمترین نیازهای اکولوژیکی، ترکیب‌های شیمیایی اسانس، فنل و فلاونوئید کل و آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه گوش بره نفش نیش دار (Phlomis herba-venti) در رویشگاه طبیعی منطقه هزارجریب بهشهر استان مازندران انجام گرفت. همزمان با بررسی لیست فلورستیک، گونه‌های همراه منطقه مورد مطالعه و مهمترین نیازهای اکولوژیکی آن ثبت گردید و به منظور عملیات آزمایشگاهی، سرشاخه‌های گلدار گیاه از رویشگاه منطقه هزارجریب و در محدوده ارتفاعی 1000- 2000 متر، در خردادماه جمع‌آوری گردید. اسانس نمونه با استفاده از دستگاه تقطیر (طرح کلونجر) استخراج و ترکیبات شیمیایی آن با استفاده از دستگاه GC/MC شناسایی گردید. ارزیابی میزان فنل و فلاونویید کل با استفاده از روش‌های اسپکتروفتومتری و میزان عملکرد آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره با استفاده از روش DPPH ارزیابی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که گیاه گوش بره بیشتر در محدوده ارتفاعی 2000 با اقلیم نیمه مرطوب سرد، بارش 383 میلی‌متر و متوسط درجه حرارت 44/12 درجه سانتی گراد و در خاک‌هایی با بافت شنی-لومی، ماده آلی خاک منطقه پراکنش گیاه 06/5 و اسیدیته 53/7، هدایت الکتریکی 62/0، رشد دارد. رشد رویشی گیاه در اوایل اردیبهشت، گلدهی در خرداد تا تیرماه و پراکنش میوه در شهریور انجام می‌گیرد و طیف فلورستیک گونه‌های همراه متعلق به 47 جنس و 55 گونه بوده است. در طب سنتی، منطقه بیشتر از سرشاخه‌های گلدار گیاه به‌عنوان ضدعفونی کننده و ضد التهاب استفاده می‌شود. مواد موثره دی-ژرماکرن (47/54 درصد) و کاریوفیلن (81/15 درصد) از بیشترین ترکیبات موثره اسانس بودند. میزان فلاونویید کل (40/120 میلی‌گرم معادل کوئرستین در هر گرم وزن خشک گیاه) و فنل کل (2/3 میلی گرم معادل گالیک اسید در هر گرم وزن خشک گیاه) از عملکرد بهینه آنتی‌اکسیدانی در مهار رادیکال‌های آزاد با میزان 9/3 برخوردار بود. نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق در تایید مصارف سنتی این گیاه در منطقه قابل بحث می‌باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The aim of this study is an investigation of most important ecological requirements, essential oil composition, total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of Phlomis herba-venti in HezarJerib area of Behshahr, Mazandaran province. Along with the review of floristic list of species in the study area, the most important of ecological requirements, their Ethno pharmacology and phenology were recorded and studied. The aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected in June 2015 from Hezarjerib area ( 1000- 2000 m) . Five soil samples were taken to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of soil. Essential oil was obtained by water distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The ethanol extracts were obtained by percolation method. Total phenol (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) were measured by spectrophotometery and antioxidant activity was measured by scavenging free radicals of DPPH. Results were showed that the  Phlomis herba-venti  usually was grew wild in 2000 m region with average annual rainfall 383 mm, the average annual temperature 12.44 Co, organic matter percentage 5.06%, pH 7.53, EC 0.62 in and sandy loam soil . The plant vegetative growth in early May, flowers appeared in June and fruit disperse in late of September. Biological spectrum was showed that 47 genus and 55 species were grew wild in this region and the Phlomis herba-venti has been used as anti inflammation and anti infection in traditional medicine of this region. Germacrene-D (54.47%) and caryophyllene (15.81%) were the main essential oil component of this plant. Total phenol content (120.40 mg GAE g 01 DW) and total flavonoids content (3.2 mg QUE g 01 DW) were reported and the antioxidant activity were determined with IC50=3.9 ppm. So these results were confirmed the traditional uses of this plant in this area as an anti inflammation and anti infection.

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