بررسی صفات بیوشیمیایی گونههای مختلف گیاه دارویی ختمی (Althaea L.)
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
سعیده صلواتی
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مهدی کاکایی
2
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1 - گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
2 - گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: برگ ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی ختمی ساقه گل گونه,
چکیده مقاله :
ختمی یک گیاه زینتی و دارویی است که از خانواده پنیرکیان و جنس Althaea بوده و یکی از مهمترین منابع گیاهی ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر تیمار نوع گونه و نوع اندام هوایی بر خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی این گیاه میباشد. این مطالعه بعد از شناسایی دقیق دو گونه از گیاه ختمی شامل Althaea rosea با گلهای قرمز رنگ و Althaea officinalis با گلهای سفید رنگ، که از رویشگاه شهرستان اسدآباد واقع در غرب استان همدان جمعآوری شده بودند انجام گرفت و برخی از صفات بیوشیمیایی شامل درصد پروتئین، پلی فنول کل، اسانس، فسفر، آهن، درصد ماده خشک، کربوهیدرات محلول، میزان مهار رادیکال آزاد دیفنیل پیکریل هیدرازیل، کلسیم، سدیم و پتاسیم در اندامهای هوایی این گیاه از جمله برگ، ساقه و گل اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد اثر گونهی گیاه بر درصد پروتئین، اثر نوع اندام بر درصد پروتئین، پلی فنول کل، اسانس، فسفر و آهن و نیز اثر متقابل هر دو تیمار بر درصد ماده خشک، کربوهیدرات محلول، میزان مهار دیفنیل پیکریل هیدرازیل و درصد کلسیم گیاه معنیدار بود. بیشترین میزان پروتئین، پلی فنول کل و آهن در اندام برگ و بیشترین مقدار اسانس و فسفر در اندام گل وجود داشت. بیشترین درصد ماده خشک و کربوهیدرات محلول، بهترتیب در گل و ساقهی ختمی گل قرمز و بیشترین درصد کلسیم و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی، در برگ آن بهدست آمد. در نتیجه با شناخت هر یک از گونههای گیاه ختمی و نیز اندامهای هوایی این گیاه دارویی که در ذخیرهی ترکیب مورد نیاز موفقتر عمل میکنند میتوان در جهت کاهش هزینهها و تولید و بهرهبرداری بیشتر از تولیدات گیاهی دارویی در صنایع غذایی و داروسازی، گام برداشت.
Marshmallow (Althaea spp.) is an ornamental and medicinal plant that belongs to the Malvaceae family and the Althaea genus, serving as one of the most significant plant sources of antioxidant compounds. The aim of this research is to explore the impact of species type and aerial organ type on the biochemical characteristics of this plant. This study was conducted following the accurate identification of two species of the Althaea plant, namely Althaea rosea with red flowers and Althaea officinalis with white flowers, gathered from the Asadabad city habitat situated in the western region of Hamedan province. Some of the biochemical traits include protein percentage, total polyphenol, essential oil, phosphorus, iron, dry matter percentage, soluble carbohydrate, Diphenyl Picrylhydrazyl free radical inhibition rate, calcium, sodium and potassium in the aerial organs of this plant including leaves, stems and flowers were measured. The results showed that the effect of plant species on protein percentage, the effect of organ type on protein percentage, total polyphenol, essential oil, phosphorus, and iron, as well as the mutual effect of both treatments on dry matter percentage, soluble carbohydrate, Diphenyl Picrylhydrazyl inhibition rate, and plant calcium percentage, were significant. The highest amounts of protein, total polyphenol and iron were found in leaf organs and the highest amounts of essential oil and phosphorus were found in flower organs. The highest percentage of dry matter and soluble carbohydrates were obtained in the flower and stem of red flower marshmallow, respectively, and the highest percentage of calcium and antioxidant capacity were obtained in its leaves. Understanding the characteristics of each Althaea plant species and identifying the aerial organs of this medicinal plant that excel in storing the necessary compounds can lead to cost reduction, increased production, profit, and the enhanced utilization of herbal medicinal products in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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