تنوع اکومورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی جمعیتهای گیاه دارویی درمنه صخره¬ای Artemisia haussknechtii Boiss. در رویشگاه‌هاي مختلف مرکز و غرب ایران
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
میلاد جوانمرد
1
,
حسنعلی نقدی بادی
2
,
علی محمدی ترکاشوند
3
,
علی مهرآفرین
4
,
بابک بحرینی نژاد
5
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران
4 - مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
5 - بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران
کلید واژه: تنوع فیتوشیمیایی, درمنه صخرهای, جمعیت, پرولین, اسانس, تجزیه به مولفههای اصلی,
چکیده مقاله :
درمنه صخرهای (زاگرسی) Artemisia haussknechtii از گیاهان دارویی و ارزشمند بومی ایران و متعلق به جنس درمنه است که مطالعات اندکی بر روی جمعیتهای آن انجام شده است. به همین منظور این مطالعه بر روی تنوع اکولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه درمنه صخرهای انجام گرفت و 17 جمعیت این گونه از مناطق مرکز و غرب کشور ایران که شامل 5 استان مختلف بود جمع‌آوری شد. خصوصیات آب‌وهوایی و ویژگی‌های خاک رویشگاهها و همچنین صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی جمعیت‌ها ارزیابی شد. بر اساس تجزیه به مولفههای اصلی صفات مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی، جداسازی بین جمعیت‌ها صورت گرفت. 01/76 درصد تغییرات واریانس مربوط به سه محور اول بود. جمعیتهای درمنه صخرهای بر اساس تجزیه خوشه‌ای در سه گروه اصلی2، 7 و 8 جمعیتی دسته بندی شدند. گروه اول شامل جمعیتهای A8، A9، A10 ، A14، A15، A16وA17 بودند، در گروه دوم جمعیتهای A2، A3، A4 ، A5 ،A6 ، A11 ، A12 وA13 و در گروه سوم جمعیتهای A1 وA7 قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که ارتفاع گیاه با ارتفاع از سطح دریا دارای همبستگی منفی بود. همچنین طول و عرض برگ با متوسط دمای سالیانه و سرعت باد همبستگی منفی داشتند، ولی با میزان نیتروژن و مواد آلی خاک همبستگی مثبت داشتند. پرولین با متوسط دمای سالیانه همبستگی مثبت و با مواد آلی و نیتروژن خاک همبستگی منفی داشت. میزان اسانس با متوسط مجموع سالیانه ساعات آفتابی دارای رابطه مثبت و با رطوبت نقطه اشباع خاک رابطه منفی داشت. بطور کلی جمعیتهای درمنه صخرهای با تغییرات مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی از قبیل تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه، پرولین و ... با شرایط محیطی مختلف سازگاری پیدا کرده بودند.
Artemisia haussknechtii is one of the medicinal and valuable plants native to Iran and belongs to Artemisia, which few studies have been done on its populations. This study was conducted in order to investigate the ecological and phytochemical diversity of A. haussknechtii. 17 populations of this species were collected from the central and western regions of Iran, which included 5 provinces. Climatic characteristics, soil characteristics, morpho-physiological traits were evaluated in populations. According to principal component analysis (PCA) and morpho-phytochemical traits, the populations were separated. The first three axes explained 76.01% of the total variation. The first component was contributed by some traits such as plant height, canopy diameter and area with about 36.3% of total variation. A. haussknechtii populations were classified into three main population groups 2, 7 and 8 based on cluster analysis. The first group included populations A8, A9, A10, A14, A15, A16 and A17, in the second group there were populations A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A11, A12 and A13 and in the third group there were populations A1 and A7. The results showed that height of the plant had an inverse relationship with the height above sea level. Also, leaf length and width were negatively correlated with average annual temperature and wind speed, but positively correlated with nitrogen and soil organic matter. Proline had a direct relationship with average annual temperature and an inverse relationship with soil organic matter and nitrogen. The amount of essential oil percentage had a positive relationship with the average annual total of sunny hours and a negative relationship with the humidity of the soil saturation percantage.The A. haussknechtii populations were adapted to different environmental conditions with morphological and phytochemical changes such as production of secondary metabolites and proline.
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