اثر سودومونادهای فلورسنت بر خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی Satureja rechingeri تحت شرایط مزرعه
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
سمانه سماوات
1
(مؤسسه تحقيقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران)
مهدیه صالحی وژده نظری
2
(مؤسسه تحقيقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران)
فاطمه سفیدکن
3
(موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور)
کلید واژه: اسانس, گیاه دارویی, مرزه رشینگری, مزرعه, PGPR, fluorescens Pseudomona ,
چکیده مقاله :
در سال‌های اخیر، کاربرد جدایه‌های بومی از سودومونادهای فلورسنت برای بهبود کمیت و کیفیت اسانس انواعی از گیاهان دارویی مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌است. در پژوهش حاضر، از ریزوسفر بوته‌های مرزه رشینگری (Satureja rechingeri) مستقر در رویشگاه‌های استان ایلام نمونه‌برداری شد. با تولید رنگدانه سبز فلورسنت در محیط King's B، سودومونادهای فلورسنت غربالگری شدند. از مجموع 22 جدایه، جدایه‌هایPF4 ، PF11 و PF19 به سبب تولید بیشترین میزان رنگدانه، به عنوان جدایه‌های برتر شناخته شدند و به کمک آزمون‌های بیوشیمیایی شناسایی شدند. گیاهچه‌های 16 برگی مرزه دو ماه پس از کاشت بذور در گلخانه، به مزرعه منتقل شدند. هر یک از بوته‌های دو ساله مرزه با سوسپانسیونی (107 کلنی در میلی‌لیتر) از جدایه برتر، به روش افزودن به خاک در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی تیمار شدند. هفت ماه پس از اعمال تیمارها که مصادف با مرحله گل‌دهی کامل در سال سوم کاشت بود، از سرشاخه‌های گلدار، به روش تقطیر با آب اسانس‌گیری شد و با دستگاه GC-FID، اجزای اصلی تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس شناسایی شد و درصدبازده اسانس بر حسب وزن خشک گیاه محاسبه شد. بر طبق نتایج، جدایه‌های PF4، PF11 و PF19 به ترتیب متعلق به بیووارهای II، III و V ازPseudomonas fluorescens ، بودند. بر طبق نتایج آنالیز GC-FID، ترکیبات متعددی نظیر کارواکرول، آلفا-توژن، آلفا-پینن، میرسن، پارا-سیمن، گاما-ترپینن، ترپینولن، لینالول، ترانس-کاریوفیلن، بتا-بیسابولن و اسپاتولنول در اسانس مرزه رشینگری ردیابی شد. مقدار کارواکرول به عنوان ترکیب عمده اسانس، از 8/82 درصد در شاهد به 7/91 درصد در تیمار PF11 رسید. درصد بازده اسانس گیاهان در تیمار با جدایه باکتریایی PF11 به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت به طوری‌که از 02/3 درصد در شاهد به 4/4 درصد رسید(P<0.05). به این ترتیب، به‌کارگیری ریزوباکترهایی کارآمد و بومی از سودومونادهای فلورسنت می‌تواند منجر به بهبود کمیت و کیفیت اسانس مرزه رشینگری تحت شرایط مزرعه گردد.
In recent years, the use of indigenous isolates of fluorescent pseudomonads to improve essential oils (EOs)’ quantity and quality of various medicinal plants has been considered. In this study, samples were taken from the rhizosphere of Satureja rechingeri plants located in the habitats of Ilam province, Iran. Fluorescent pseudomonads were screened by producing fluorescent green pigment in King's B medium. From the 22 isolates, PF4, PF11, and PF19 were recognized as the superior isolates due to producing the highest amount of pigment and were identified with the help of biochemical tests. The 16-leaf seedlings of savory were transferred to the field two months after planting the seeds in the greenhouse. Each of the two-year-old plants was treated with a suspension (107 cfu/ml) of the superior isolate, by adding it to the soil in a randomized complete block design (n=3). Seven months after applying the treatments, which coincided with full flowering stage in the third year of planting, EO was extracted from the flowering branches by water distillation method. The main components of the EOs were identified with the GC-FID set. The percentage yield of the EO was calculated based on the plant dry weight. According to the results, PF4, PF11, and PF19 belonged to biovars II, III, and V of Pseudomonas fluorescens, respectively. Based on GC-FID analysis, several compounds such as carvacrol, alpha-thogen, alpha-pinene, myrcene, para-cymene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, linalool, trans-caryophyllene, beta-bisabolene, and spatholenol were detected in Reshingari's EO. The carvacrol amount as the main component of EO increased from 82.8% in control to 91.7% in PF11 treatment. The percentage of plants’ EO yield increased from 3.02% in the control to 4.4% in the PF11 treatment, significantly (P<0.05). Therefore, the application of efficient and indigenous rhizobacteria from fluorescent pseudomonads can improve the quantity and quality of Reshingari EO under field conditions.
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