تاثیر مرحله فنولوژیک، روش خشکاندن و مدت زمان تقطیر بر بازده اسانس مرمرشک (Salvia macrosiphon) و فراسیون‌سفید (Marrubium vulgare)
محورهای موضوعی : شیمی و آنالیز ترکیبات طبیعینجمه اسکندری دامنه 1 , مجید آجورلو 2 , احمد پهلوانروی 3 , منصور غفاری مقدم 4
1 - گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، ایران
2 - گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، ایران
3 - گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، ایران.
4 - دانشگاه زابل - دانشکده علوم
کلید واژه: تقطیر با آب, خشکاندن گیاهان دارویی, مرحله بذردهی, مرحله رشد رویشی, مرحله گلدهی, مریم‌گلی لوله‌ای, مراتع دلفارد شهرستان جیرفت,
چکیده مقاله :
بازده اسانس گیاهان دارویی می‌تواند براساس ویژگی‌های ژنتیکی و فیزیولوژیکی، مرحله فنولوژیکی، موقعيت جغرافيايي رویشگاه، روش خشکاندن و مدت زمان عصاره‌گیری تفاوت ¬کند. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی تغییرات کمّی و کیفی مواد مؤثره مرمرشک یا مریم‌گلی لوله‌ای (Salvia macrosiphon) و فراسیون سفید (Marrubium vulgare) در مراحل مختلف فنولوژی، تعیین بهترین زمان برداشت اندام¬های دارویی آنها، تعیین مناسبترین روش خشکاندن و مدت زمان تقطیر با آب بود. نمونه‌برداری از دو گونه در مراتع منطقه دلفارد از توابع شهرستان جیرفت به روش تصادفی در سه مرحله فنولوژیکِ رشد رویشی، گلدهی و بذردهی در سه رویشگاه انجام شد. اسانس نمونه¬ها با دستگاه کلونجر به روش تقطیر با آب استخراج و ترکیبات اصلی تشکیل دهنده اسانس توسط روش کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مشخص شد. تغییر مرحله فنولوژیک بر بازده اسانس هر دو گونه اثر معنی‌دار داشت. در هر دو گونه، بیشترین بازده اسانس در مرحله گلدهی و کمترین بازده در مرحله بذردهی بود (05/0P ) .در اسانس فراسیون سفید 34 ترکیب شیمیایی و در اسانس مرمرشک 20 ترکیب شیمیایی شناسایی شد. روش خشکاندن تآثیر معنی‌داری بر مقدار بازده اسانس داشت (05/0P < ). بیشترین بازده اسانس در نمونه¬های خشک شده در سایه و کمترین بازده مربوط به نمونه¬های خشک شده در آون بود. بازده اسانس در مدت زمان 3 ساعت تقطیر دارای بیشترین مقدار و در زمان 1 ساعت کمترین مقدار بود (05/0P < ). این مطالعه پزارش می کند مرحله گلدهی (اواسط اردیبهشت) مناسبترین زمان برای برداشت اندام‌های هوایی هر دو گونه در مراتع منطقه دلفارد شهرستان جیرفت است. همچنین، بهترین روش برای خشکاندن اندام‌های دارویی دو گونه، قراردادن آنها سایه، و مناسبترین مدت تقطیر برای استخراج اسانس آنها، 3 ساعت است.
The yield of medicinal plant essential oil can differ based on genetic and physiological characteristics, phenological stage, geographical location of the habitat, drying method and duration of extraction. This study aimed to investigate the quantitative and qualitative changes in the essential oils of Salvia macrosiphon and Marrubium vulgare in different phenology stages, to determine the most suitable drying method and the duration of distillation with water. Sampling was carried out in the rangelands of Delfard region of Jiroft city by random method in three phenological stages of vegetative growth, flowering and seeding in three habitats. The essential oils of the samples were extracted by distillation with water and the chemical components of the essential oils were characterized by the GC/MS. In both species, the highest yield of essential oil was in the flowering stage and the lowest yield was in the seeding stage (P0.05). 34 and 20 chemical compounds were identified in the essential oil of M. vulgare and S. macrosiphon, respectively. The highest efficiency of essential oil was in the samples dried in the shade and the lowest efficiency was related to the samples dried in the oven. The yield of essential oil in the shade-dried samples was 33.3% and 62.3% more than the yield of essential oil in sun and oven dried samples, respectively. The yield of essential oil was the highest in 3 hours distillation and the lowest in 1 hour (P<0.05). The flowering stage (mid-May) is the most suitable time to harvest the aerial parts of both species in the rangelands of Delfard region in Jiroft city. The best method to dry the medicinal organs of the species is shade, and the most suitable distillation duration is 3 hours.
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