بررسی فیتوشیمیایی و ضد میکروبی اسانس اندام‌های مختلف گیاه دارویی Ferula tabasensis Rech. f. در رویشگاه¬های طبیعی یزد
محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی
کلید واژه: آنتی باکتریال, اسانس, برگ و گل, کمای طبسی, یزد,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه با توجه به عوارض جانبی آنتی‌بیوتیک‌های مصنوعی و افزایش مقاومت دارویی، لزوم جایگزینی ترکیبات طبیعی به¬عنوان منابع ایمن، بیشتر احساس می¬شود. مطالعاتی روی خواص دارویی اسانس گونه¬های مختلف کما (Ferula L.) انجام گرفته است اما در این زمینه از گیاه کمای طبسی (Ferula tabasensis Rech. F.)، گونه بومی ایران، گزارشی مشاهده نشده است. در این تحقیق برگ و گل گیاه کمای طبسی در مرحله گلدهی در بهار ۱۴۰۰ از رویشگاه اصلی آن (بین خرانق و ساغند - ۱۵۷۰ متر) جمع‌آوری شد. اسانس¬گیری به روش تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) و آنالیز نمونه اسانس¬ به¬وسیله GC و GC/MS انجام گرفت. فعالیت ضدمیکروبی اسانس¬های مختلف با تعیین حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی رشد (MIC) به روش رقت¬سازی در محیط کشت مایع بررسی و قطر هاله عدم رشد برحسب میلی¬متر نیز اندازه¬گیری شد. بازده اسانس¬ها برای برگ و گل گیاه به ترتیب ۳/۰ و ۵/۰ درصد بدست آمد. نتایج نشان داد بورنیل استات (۳۵ درصد و ۲/۳۴ درصد) و آلفا-پینن (۲/۱۲ درصد و ۴/۸ درصد) به ترتیب مهم‌ترین ترکیبات اسانس در برگ و گل، همچنین سیترونلول (۲/۱۵ درصد) دیگر ترکیب اصلی موجود در اسانس گل گیاه کمای طبسی می¬باشد. هر دو اسانس فعالیت ضد¬میکروبی خوبی علیه سویه¬های باکتریایی مورد مطالعه به¬جز اشریشیاكلی داشتند. به نظر می¬رسد عمده ترکیبات موجود در اسانس برگ و گل دلیل اصلی این فعالیت ضد¬باکتریایی باشد، به¬طوری¬که می¬توان آنها را به¬عنوان جایگزین¬هایی برای آنتی¬بیوتیک¬های مصنوعی معرفی کرد.
Nowadays, considering the side effects of synthetic antibiotics and the increase in drug resistance, it is a necessity to replace them by natural compounds as safe sources. Thus, studies have been carried out on the medicinal properties of essential oils of different Ferula L. species, but there was no report on Ferula tabasensis Rech. f. as an Iranian endemic species. In this research, the leaves and flowers of Ferula tabasensis were harvested from its main habitat (between Kharanaq and Saghand – elevation 1570 m) at the full-flowering stage in the spring of 2021. The essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation method (Clevenger apparatus and GC and GC/MS were used to analyze chemical constituents. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination by broth dilution method and the growth inhibitory zone diameter (mm) was also measured. The yields of essential oils from the leaves and flowers of the plant were 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively. The results showed that bornyl acetate (34.2% and 35%) and α-pinene (12.2% and 8.4%) were identified as major compounds of essential oil from leaves and flowers, respectively. Also, citronellol (15.5%) was another main constituent found in the essential oil of the flowers of Ferula tabasensis. Both essential oils had good antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms, except E. coli. It seems that antibacterial activity can be mostly attributed to the main compounds of essential oils in the leaves and flowers of the plant and, thus, they can be considered as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics.
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