قوم گیاه شناسی گیاهان مورد استفاده مردم شهرستان جاجرم
محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی
کلید واژه: اتنوفارماکولوژی, دانش بومی, قوم‌گیاه‌شناسی, گیاهان دارویی,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش با هدف ثبت دانش بومی مردم شهرستان جاجرم در مورد کاربردهای دارویی گیاهان، معرفی گونه‌های پرمصرف و آنالیز کمی داده‌های حاصل از آن‌ها در روستاها و مناطق شهری منطقه مورد مطالعه انجام پذیرفت. به این منظور ۸۱ فرد آگاه از جاجرم و روستاهای اطراف آن، پیرامون گیاهان مورد استفاده، نحوه‌ی مصرف و کاربرد آن‌ها مورد پرسشگری قرار گرفتند. افراد آگاه به صورت تصادفی و با روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند و پس از کسب رضایت آگاهانه قبلی، با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته و مشاهدات شفاهی و شخصی مصاحبه شدند. تمامی گیاهان گزارش شده، پس از جمع آوری با استفاده از فلورهای مختلف شناسایی شدند. داده‌های حاصل با استفاده از شاخص‌های قوم‌گیاه‌شناسی نظیر ارزش استفاده، فراوانی نسبی ثبت و ضریب اجماع آگاهان مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در طول این مطالعه، تعداد ۶۹ گونه گیاهی متعلق به ۳۰ تیره برای مصارف مختلف معرفی شد. بزرگترین تیره‌ها از نظر غنای گونه‌ای تیره‌های نعنائیان (Lamiaceae) و چتریان (Apiaceae) بودند. برگ گیاهان به عنوان پرمصرف‌ترین بخش گیاه و استفاده از گیاه به شکل دم‌كرده به عنوان فراوان‌ترین روش استفاده ازگیاه گزارش شد. بیش‌ترین میزان ارزش استفاده متعلق به گیاه نعناع (Mentha aquatica L.)، بیش‌ترین میزان فراوانی نسبی ثبت برای گیاه آویشن، ثبت و بالاترین میزان ضریب اجماع آگاهان برای اختلالات گوارشی گزارش شد. این مطالعه نشان داد که مردم این منطقه بویژه زنان مسن، دانش بومی غنی در رابطه با گیاهان و کاربردهای آن‌ها دارند. نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند مبنایی برای انتخاب گیاهان به جهت انجام مطالعات فیتوشیمی و داروشناسی قرار گیرد.
The objectives of this study were to document the indigenous botanical knowledge pertaining to medicinal plants uses, introduce the most prevalently used plant species, and undertake a quantitative analysis of data gathered from both urban and rural sectors among the residents of Jajarm County, North Khorasan, Iran. To this aim, 81 knowledgeable individuals from Jajarm and its neighboring villages were queried regarding the used plants, application techniques, and intended purposes. These individuals were selected through a random and snowball sampling methods and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and informal discussions, following their prior consent. Taxonomic identification of all mentioned plant species was accomplished using diverse botanical references. Ethnobotanical metrics such as Use Value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) were employed to analyze the data. The investigation revealed 69 distinct plant species belonging to 30 botanical families, with Lamiaceae and Apiaceae standing out as the most abundant families. Notably, plant leaves were identified as the most frequently utilized component, predominantly through decoction. Mentha aquatica had the highest UV, Thymus spp. demonstrated the most prominent RFC, while gastrointestinal disorders exhibited the highest ICF. The findings of this research underscored the depth of indigenous botanical wisdom, notably among the older female demographic of the region. the findings of the study provide a basis for the selection of plants for phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
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