اثر محلول پاشی برگی کیتوزان و پودر پوست میگو بر رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی، برخی شاخص‌های رشد و اسانس گیاه دارویی زوفا (Hyssopus officinalis)
محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی
کلید واژه: اسانس, پوست میگو, زوفا, کیتوزان,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از راه‌های افزایش تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه در گیاهان استفاده از الیسیتورها است. کیتوزان یک الیسیتور زیستی است که از استیل زدایی کیتین موجود در پوسته خارجی سخت پوستانی مثل میگو به دست می‌آید. پوست میگو بخشی از ضایعات جامد میگو را تشکیل داده و سالانه مقدار زیادی از آن دور ریخته می‌شود. اين پژوهش به منظور بررسي اثر محلول پاشی کیتوزان با غلظت‌های 25/0 و 5/0 گرم در لیتر و پودر پوست میگو با غلظت‌های 5/2 و 5 گرم در لیتر بر زوفا (Hyssopus officinalis) به‌صورت گلداني در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شهركرد، طی بهار تا پاییز 1396 انجام شد. اسانس گیری از اندام‌های هوایی از شروع گلدهی تا 50% گلدهی، با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر و شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس توسط GC-FID و GC/MS صورت گرفت. در کل 33 ترکیب از اسانس زوفا در همه تیمارها شناسایی شد که 89 تا 95 درصد از ترکیب اسانس را تشکیل می داد. ترکیبات غالب اسانس در همه تیمارها سیس پینوکامفون (09/55–19/43 درصد) و بتا پینن (04/15 – 31/8 درصد) بود. محلول پاشی‌های کیتوزان، پوست میگو و محلول‌های توام پوست میگو و کیتوزان موجب افزایش درصد اسانس و سیس پینوکامفون شدند ولی از نظر آماری تنها اثر کیتوزان 5/0 گرم در لیتر معنی دار بود. تیمارهای کیتوزان موجب کاهش ولی پوست میگو و محلول‌های توام کیتوزان × پوست میگو باعث افزایش ارتفاع گیاه، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، کلروفیل a وb و کلروفیل کل شد. با این حال، هیچ کدام به لحاط آماری معنی دار نبود. با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه، به نظر می¬رسد که علاوه بر کیتوزان از پوست میگو با غلظت‌های بیشتر هم می¬توان برای افزایش مواد موثره گیاه دارویی زوفا استفاده کرد.
One of the methods to increase the secondary metabolites production in plants is to use elicitors and chitosan is a biotic elicitor obtained from the deacetylation of chitin in the outer shell of crustaceans such as shrimp. Shrimp shell is part of shrimp solid waste discarded in large amount every year. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of foliar application of chitosan elicitor (0.25 and 0.5 g/l) and shrimp shell powder (2.5 and 5 g/L) on medicinal plant Hyssopus officinalis in potted form at the Experimental Farm of Islamic Azad University, Shahre-kord Branch during spring to fall in 2017. The essential oils were obtained from aerial part of hyssop by Clevenger device. The essential oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Totally, 33 compounds و representing more than 89-95% of the oil composition, were identified. The predominant components of the essential oil in all treatments were cis-pinocamphon (43.19-55.09%) and beta-pinene (8.31-15.04%). Foliar application of chitosan, shrimp shell, and shrimp shell × chitosan increased the percentage of essential oil and cis-pinocamphon, but only the effect of chitosan 0.5 was statistically significant. Chitosan treatments decreased plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of hyssop but shrimp shell and chitosan × shrimp shell solutions increased them, although no one was significant. According to the results of this study, it seems that in addition to chitosan, shrimp shell with higher concentrations can be used to increase effective substances of the medicinal plant Hyssopus officinalis.
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