بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه کارآفرینی شهری
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه اقتصاد محاسباتیاکبر روزبان 1 , یوسف محمدی مقدم 2 * , محمد جواد کاملی 3
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی قزوین
2 - iauc.
3 - دانشگاه علوم انتظامی امین
کلید واژه: کارآفرینی, کارآفرینی شهری, شهرداری, تحلیل مضمون,
چکیده مقاله :
توسعه کارآفرینی شهری در سال‌های اخیر از سوی محققین، سیاست‌گذاران و مدیران در سطح عموم و سازمان‌ها موردتوجه روزافزونی قرار گرفته است. کارآفرینی شهری در فضای شهری با هدف توسعه اقتصادی و افزایش کیفیت زندگی و رفاه جامعه معرفی شده است که در کشورهای از قبیل ایران نیازمند توسعه است. شهرداری به‌عنوان یکی از نهادهای عمومی که وظیفه مدیریت شهری را بر عهده دارد، بیشتر از سایر نهادها می‌تواند از ظرفیت‌های شهری جهت کارآفرین شدن منتفع شود. بااین‌وجود توسعه کارآفرینی شهری در سطح شهرداری نیازمند مدیریت اثربخش است. براین اساس پژوهش حاضر باهدف بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه کارآفرینی شهری در شهرداری تهران انجام شده است. این مطالعه براساس پارادایم فلسفه تفسیرگرایی انجام شده است و از نوع آمیخته (کیفی_ کمی) است و رویکردی ترکیبی دارد. داده‌های این پژوهش از نوع میدانی است که از طریق ابزار مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته و پرسشنامه گردآوری شده‌اند. خبرگان این پژوهش در بخش کیفی 10 نفر می‌باشند که به روش هدفمند انتخاب شده‌اند. داده‌های کیفی از طریق تحلیل مضمون و در نرم‌افزار مکس‌کیودا مورد تحلیل قرارگرفته‌اند. سپس یافته‌های بخش کیفی از طریق تحلیل عاملی مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفته‌اند. درنهایت نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از این است که عوامل: ساختار سازمانی، فرهنگ‌سازمانی، قابلیت‌های پویای سازمان، مدیریت منابع انسانی، سرمایه اجتماعی، بستر اقتصادی، زیرساخت‌های شهری و حاکمیت نهادی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه کارآفرینی شهری در شهرداری تهران می‌باشند. این نتایج می‌تواند از سوی سیاست‌گذاران و برنامه‌ریزان، مدیران شهرداری تهران جهت توسعه کارآفرینی در سازمان مورداستفاده قرار گیرد.
Extended Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims to present a model of factors affecting the development of urban entrepreneurship in Tehran Municipality.
Methodology
this study aims to investigate the effects of urban entrepreneurship on sustainable businesses in smart cities with regard to the role of digital technologies. The statistical population of this study is all active technology-based companies located in Tehran in 2012. Then, according to the Cochran formula, 315 companies were randomly selected as a sample. This research is of an applied type and of a descriptive-survey type, and in terms of the type of data collected, it is of a quantitative type. The research findings show that urban entrepreneurship, by using and benefiting from digital technologies, in accordance with the new needs of cities and achieving business sustainability in smart cities, creates and develops the studied enterprises in two quantitative and qualitative dimensions. Finally, based on the literature review, the factors affecting urban entrepreneurship among the general public and organizations have been categorized.
Findings
The model of this research includes intra-organizational factors such as organizational culture, organizational structure, dynamic capabilities of the organization, human resource management, and social capital of the municipality, and external factors include the economic context, urban infrastructure, and institutional governance of the country in the general organization of the municipality, affecting the development of urban entrepreneurship.
Conclusion
Organizational culture is known as an important factor in the development of urban entrepreneurship in the municipality and means having a common and defined goal and belief among all members and personnel of the municipality. The prerequisite for this culture is having an entrepreneurial orientation, which is, promoting and tending to risk-taking among employees, the municipality being a pioneer in identifying market needs to meet needs with an entrepreneurial approach and the welfare of the community. Organizational structure plays an important role in shaping employee behavior and organizational results. Becoming an entrepreneur requires having informal relationships and eliminating hierarchical structures and concentrating power in the hands of one person. Flexibility in processes can increase the spirit and sense of participation among team members. Having capable and expert employees and managers is an accepted assumption in organizational management theories and entrepreneurship theories for the success and development of organizational and business performance. Institutional governance is one of the external environmental factors that has been selected in this study as an effective factor on the development of urban entrepreneurship in Tehran Municipality. The research literature has also placed great emphasis on this factor. Finally, urban facilities and infrastructure such as waste management, energy resources, and public transportation are considered the main infrastructure for the welfare and social and economic development of a city. The accessibility and quality of infrastructure can accelerate the development of jobs and businesses in general and entrepreneurial activities. In this study, urban infrastructure has been identified as one of the important factors in the development of urban entrepreneurship in Tehran Municipality.
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