تاثیر مولفه های اقتصاد دانش بنیان بر سپردههای قرض الحسنه در بانک‌های دولتی
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه اقتصاد محاسباتی
مهدی جعفری
1
*
,
سید رضا میر عسکری
2
,
سیدجواد عمادی پرمکوهی
3
1 - دانشگاه حضرت معصومه
2 - استادیار گروه مدیرت دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت ایران
3 - حسابداری، مدیریت و حسابداری، موسسه راهبرد شمال، رشت، ایران
کلید واژه: "اقتصاد دانش¬بنیان", " دانش" , "سپرده¬گذاری", "قرض¬الحسنه" , " ARDL",
چکیده مقاله :
يكي از اشكالي كه به منظور جذب وجوه پس¬اندازکنندگان و عرضه آن¬ها به نیازمندان در قانون عمليات بانكي بدون ربا تجويز شده، قرض¬الحسنه است. حقوق و امتيازاتي كه اين عقد براي دو طرف قرارداد فراهم بوجود آورده باعث جذابيت آن هم براي جمع آوري پس¬اندازها و هم جهت عرضه وجوه سرمايه¬گذاري شده است. مولفه¬های اقتصاد دانش-بنیان یکی از عوامل تعیین‌کننده، افزایش سپردههای قرض الحسنه محسوب شده است. زیرا، بهبود حاکمیت قانون، بهبود رژیم‌های نهادی و اقتصادی، ارتقاء سیستم¬های ارتباطی از قبیل اینترنت و خلق فناوری‌های نوین منجر به افزایش اطمینان به نظام بانکی و افزایش تمایل مردم برای سپرده¬گذاری و همچنین افزایش سپردههای قرض‌الحسنه شده است. همچنین الکترونیکی شدن خدمات بانکی در حوزه قرض الحسنه منجر به افزایش تمایل به سپرده‌گذاری در سپردههای قرض الحسنه و از سوی دیگر، ارتقاء سیستم‌های ارتباطی منجر به تخصیص بهینه منابع قرض‌الحسنه شده است. لذا هدف این پژوهش، بررسی تاثیر مولفه¬های اقتصاد دانش¬بنیان بر سپردههای قرض‌الحسنه در ایران طی دوره 1401-1377 با استفاده از روش خودرگرسیون‌برداری با وقفه توزیعی(ARDL) در داده‌های فصلی است. نتایج در کوتاه‌مدت نشان دهنده، مولفه¬های اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان اثر مثبت و معناداری بر سپردههای قرض الحسنه دارند اما در بلندمدت، متغیر آموزش و منابع انسانی تاثیر مثبت و معناداری بر سپردههای قرض‌الحسنه دارد. همچنین تاثیر متغیرهای ابداعات و زیرساخت¬های اطلاعاتی بر سپردههای قرض‌الحسنه در بلندمدت تایید نشده است. اما متغیر رژیم¬های نهادی و اقتصادی در بلندمدت، تاثیر منفی و معناداری با قرض الحسنه برقرار نماید.
Extended Abstract
Purpose
The review of the economic literature shows that moving towards the knowledge-based economy and making the banking system smarter plays an important role in increasing confidence in the banking system. Because improving the rule of law, upgrading communication systems such as the Internet, electronification of banking services leads to the development of the banking sector, as well as increasing confidence in the banking system, and increases people's willingness to make deposits, as well as the increase of Qarz- Al-Hasna deposits. As a result, knowledge has a decisive role to satisfy the recipients of Qarz-al-Hasna funds and the depositors of Qarz-al-Hasna.
Therefore, it can be said that one of the factors that has received less attention is the role of knowledge-based economy components in the increase of loan deposits. For this purpose, this research examines the impact of knowledge-based economy components on the loan deposits of Iran's state banks, during the period of 1377-1401.
Methodology
Knowledge-based economy
The role of knowledge has increased in comparison with natural resources, labor and physical capital, and with the world entering a new stage of development, the economy based on resources has given its place to the economy based on knowledge and technology, and due to its prominent and key role Knowledge in the economy is derived from knowledge, the concept of "knowledge-based economy" has entered economic literature from the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD).
In general, with the continuous use and production of knowledge as the main core of the economic development process, the economy necessarily turns into a knowledge-based economy. Knowledge-based economy is an economy in which knowledge is the main key to economic growth and in which knowledge is acquired, produced and disseminated and plays an efficient and effective role in economic development.
Institutional and economic regimes and loan deposits
To show this part of knowledge, we use institutional quality (legal structure and security of property rights). Increasing legal supervision through the protection of property rights will lead to the expansion of loan guarantee tools and people's deposits with banks. In fact, the existence of a judicial system with high operating speed, accessible and low cost through the fair handling of complaints and supervision of the proper implementation of banking contracts increases the trust of people in the banking network and leads to the development of the banking sector.
A strict legal framework is weakened due to the lack of trust of depositors, the ability of the banking sector to mobilize resources, including the mobilization of loan funds. As a result, inappropriate institutional quality leads to the weakening of Qarz -Al-Hasna deposits in the banking sector.
Education and human resources and Qarz -Al-Hasna deposits
Improving training and raising the quality of human resources leads to reducing the costs of banking services and creating creativity and innovation in banking services, and more innovations in the banking sector are created by more educated people. The creation of new banking services and its adaptation to a special economic environment depends on high levels of education and research. Therefore, the banking sector needs trained and specialized workforce to adapt to technological changes.
The system of innovations and innovations and deposits of Qarz -Al-Hasna
Technological innovations make the processing and transfer of information faster and cheaper, as a result, banking services are easily provided due to the availability of international regional and global communication networks. Also, innovation leads to an increase in banks' competition in providing better services to customers and reducing transaction costs.
Information and communication infrastructures and Qarz -Al-Hasna deposits
In fact, it is not possible to use new technologies in the banking sector without creating and developing information and communication infrastructures. Because information and communication technology facilitate the relationship between banking customers and banking service providers (banks). In general, improving information and communication infrastructures through the development of communication channels between customers and banks, reducing costs, increasing the level, diversity of banking services (Mulligan and Gordon, 2002), increasing confidence in the banking system and electronification of banking services. Seitz and Stickel, 1998 affect the development of the banking sector and increase people's willingness to make deposits in banks, including deposits in Qarz -al-Hasna accounts.
According to the conducted studies, it can be found that until now there has been no research on the effect of knowledge components on Qarz-al-Hasna deposits and knowledge components have been ignored as a determining factor in the expansion of Qarz-al-Hasna deposits. Therefore, this research considers Investigate the impact of knowledge-based economy components on Qarz-al-Hasna deposits in Iran.
Methodology
(1)
Qarz-al-Hasna deposits (GHD) as a dependent variable is a function of the components of the knowledge-based economy (CKB) and thus the relation (2) is estimated as the model of Qarz-al-Hasna deposits:
Finding
The results show that education and human resources have a positive and significant effect on the deposit of Qarz-al-Hasna. In fact, trained and skilled workforce leads to the reduction of banking service costs and creation of creativity and innovation in banking services. Also, the information infrastructure has a positive and significant effect on the deposit of Qarz-al-Hasna, because the improvement and facilitation of communication processes, information and the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge through the development of communication channels between customers and banks, reducing costs, increasing the level, variety of banking services, increasing confidence in the system Banking and electronification of banking services leads to an increase in people's willingness to make deposits in banks, including Qarz-al-Hasna deposits.
He has evaluated the impact of innovation system on Qarz-al-Hosna deposits as positive and significant. Because technological innovations make information processing and transmission faster, safer and cheaper.
The variable of education and human resources has a positive and significant effect on the deposits of Qarz-al-Hosna. Also, the effect of innovations and information infrastructure variables on Qarz-al-Hasna deposits in the long term has not been confirmed. However, the variable of institutional and economic regimes in the long term has a negative and significant effect on the good loan. This means that due to the lack of economic stability and long-term inflation in Iran's economy, a reassuring atmosphere has not been provided for the suppliers of Qarz-al-Hosna funds.
Conclusion
It seems necessary to pay attention to the determining factors of Qarz-al-Hosna. In this research, the components of the knowledge-based economy affect the attraction of Qarz-al-Hosna deposits through the improvement of electronic services to Qarz-al-Hosna depositors and increasing trust in the banking system, which has attracted the attention of researchers and Government men have stayed away. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of each of the components of the knowledge-based economy on Qarz-al-Hasnah deposits in the period of 1377-1401 using autoregression method with distributional interval (ARDL) in seasonal data. Creating a suitable environment for improving law supervision, economic stability, upgrading communication systems such as the Internet and electronic banking, strengthening the quality of human resources training, developing an innovation system to increase confidence in the banking system, and making banking services electronic in order to attract Qarz-al-Hasna deposits.
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