فراگيري مالي و رشد اقتصادی؛ تحليل بين كشوري
محورهای موضوعی : توسعه اقتصادی، نوآوری، نغییرات تکنولوژیکی و رشد اقتصادی
اکرم قریشوندی ابراک
1
(دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، واحد فیروزکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزکوه، ایران، ghoreyshvandia@gmail.com)
صالح قویدل
2
(دانشیار اقتصاد، واحد فیروزکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزکوه، ایران (نویسنده مسئول)، salehghavidel421@gmail.com)
مسعود صوفی مجیدپور
3
( استادیار اقتصاد، واحد فیروزکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فیروزکوه، ایران، masoodsoufi@gmail.com)
کلید واژه: فراگيري مالي , رشد اقتصادی, کشورهای با درآمد بالا, کوانتایل, محیط کلان,
چکیده مقاله :
فراگيري مالي از محرک‌های اصلی رشد اقتصادی است .هدف این مقاله ارزیابی اثر فراگيري مالي بر رشد اقتصادی در کشورهای با درآمد بالا (59 کشور) در دوره 2021-2004 با استفاده از روش پنل دیتاست. در این مطالعه فراگيري مالي از سه بعد نفوذ بانکی، در دسترس بودن خدمات بانکی و استفاده از خدمات مالی اندازه‌گیری می‌شود. این ابعاد نتایج بهتری برای درک رابطه فراگيري مالی - رشد اقتصادی ارائه می‌دهد. بر حسب سنجه‌های فراگيري، تفاوت معناداری در میان کشورها وجود دارد. با وجود این از نظر محیط کلان اقتصادی از شرایط مطلوب برخوردارند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد همگرایی اندک در میان کشورها وجود دارد. همچنین، برخی ابعاد فراگيري مالي بر رشد اقتصادی اثر مثبت دارند. در این راستا، ضریب نفوذ دسترسی به بانک و تسهیلات پیامد مثبت دارند. ولی ضریب نفوذ دستگاه خودپرداز و تعمیق مالی اثر منفی داشته‌اند. محیط کلان اقتصادی (سرمایه، نرخ تورم، نرخ بیکاری، باز بودن اقتصاد) چشم‌انداز مثبت زندگی (امید به زندگی) و روند جمعیتی (نرخ رشد جمعیت) از عوامل مؤثر بر رشد اقتصادی این کشورها هستند. بهره¬برداری از ابزارهای جدید بانکداری مانند اینترنت بانک و همراه بانک برای گسترش فراگيري مالي به-ویژه در مناطق کم برخوردار، ارائه خدمات متنوع از طریق شعب، گسترش بانکداری خرد، بهره‌برداری از اپلیکشن‌های ساده و متناسب با توانمندی‌های مردم نقش کانونی در توسعه و تعمیق فراگيري مالي به همراه رشد اقتصادی خواهند داشت.
Financial inclusion is a key driver of economic growth. This study evaluates its effect on economic growth in 59 high-income countries from 2004 to 2021, using panel data and quantile methods. Financial inclusion is measured through banking penetration, availability of banking services, and usage of financial services. The results reveal significant differences among countries, generally enjoying favorable macroeconomic conditions, and indicate slight convergence among them. Positive impacts on economic growth were observed from bank and facility penetration, while ATM penetration and financial deepening showed negative effects. Influential factors include capital, inflation rate, unemployment rate, economic openness, life expectancy, and population growth. The impact of financial inclusion is more pronounced in lower-income countries. Expanding financial inclusion through the Internet and mobile banking, especially in less privileged areas, and enhancing microfinance and user-friendly applications, are pivotal for economic growth.
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