نانوپوششها در خطوط انتقال هوایی برق: هادی، عایق و دکل ها
محورهای موضوعی : کاربرد نانوساختارها
مجید میرزایی
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عباس فیضی نیا
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یاسر قربانی امیر
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1 - گروه پژوهشی مواد غیرفلزی، پژوهشگاه نیرو، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه پژوهشی مواد غیرفلزی، پژوهشگاه نیرو، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه پژوهشی مواد غیرفلزی، پژوهشگاه نیرو، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: پوشش عملکردی, فوق آبگریز, ضد یخ‌زدگی, ضد کرونا, ضد تخلیه آلودگی, ضد خوردگی, خطوط انتقال هوایی.,
چکیده مقاله :
خطوط انتقال هوایی روش اصلی انتقال برق هستند. هادی‌ها، عایق‌ها و دکل‌ها تجهیزات الکتریکی اصلی این خطوط به شمار می‌روند. از آنجا که این خطوط در محیط طبیعی فعالیت می‌کنند، مشکلاتی مانند یخ‌زدگی، تخلیه کرونا، رسوب آلودگی و خوردگی به وجود می‌آید. این مشکلات می‌توانند منجر به حوادثی شوند که خسارات اقتصادی زیادی را به همراه دارند. برای حل این مشکلات، می‌توان از پوشش‌های عملکردی با ویژگی‌های فوق آبگریز، نیمه‌هادی، ضدخوردگی و سایر ویژگی‌ها بر روی تجهیزات الکتریکی استفاده کرد که دارای مزایای هزینه پایین و کارایی بالا هستند. به همین علت، پوشش‌های عملکردی در سال‌های اخیر به یکی از موضوعات پرطرفدار تحقیقات در حوزه عایق‌کاری خارجی تبدیل شده‌اند. با در نظر گرفتن چالش‌های متعدد مرتبط با تجهیزات الکتریکی در خطوط انتقال هوایی، ضرورت بهره‌گیری از رویکردهای متفاوت احساس می‌شود. این مقاله مروری، پوشش‌های عملکردی را بر اساس زمینه های کاربرد و عملکرد آن‌ها دسته‌بندی می‌کند. در هر بخش، ابتدا علل مشکلات تجهیزات الکتریکی به طور مختصر بررسی می‌شود، سپس مکانیزم عملکرد این نوع پوشش‌ها برای رفع مشکلات توضیح داده می‌شود. در ادامه، وضعیت توسعه و کاربرد این پوشش‌ها به صورت خلاصه ارائه شده و محدودیت‌های آن‌ها مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. در پایان، مسائل کلیدی مرتبط با تحقیق در زمینه پوشش‌های عملکردی مرور خواهند شد و مسیرهای تحقیقاتی آینده مورد بحث قرار می‌گیرند.
Overhead transmission lines are the primary method of electricity transmission. Conductors, insulators, and towers are the main electrical equipment of these lines. Since these lines operate in a natural environment, issues such as icing, corona discharge, pollution deposition, and corrosion arise. These problems can lead to incidents that result in significant economic losses. To solve these problems, functional coatings with superhydrophobic, semiconducting, anti-corrosion, and other properties can be applied to electrical equipment, which offer low cost and high efficiency advantages. For this reason, functional coatings have become a hot research topic in the field of external insulation in recent years. Given the various problems faced by electrical equipment in overhead transmission lines, there is a need for distinct solutions. Therefore, this review classifies the coatings based on usage scenarios and functions. In each section, it first briefly states the causes of the problems with electrical equipment, then introduces the mechanism of using this type of functional coating to solve the problem, summarizes the development and application status of this type of coating, compiles the limitations of these coatings, and finally presents a summary of key issues in the research of functional coatings while looking at future research directions.
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