الگوی تجمع زیستی فلزات سنگین جیوه، روی و نیکل در بافت‌های نرم خرچنگ شناگر آبی (Portunus segnis) در سواحل مکُّران
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوریسمانه ابراهیمی 1 , محمدمنصور توتونی 2 , مهران لقمانی لقمانی 3 *
1 - گروه زیست شناسی دریا، دانشکده علوم دریایی، دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار، چابهار، ایران
2 - گروه زیست شناسی دریا، دانشکده علوم دریایی، دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار، چابهار، ایران
3 - گروه زیست شناسی دریا، دانشکده علوم دریایی، دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار، چابهار، ایران
کلید واژه: فلزات سنگین, خرچنگ شناگر آبی, سواحل مکران, هپاتوپانکراس,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به افزایش میزان آلودگی فلزات سنگین و تأثیر آن‌ها بر محیط زیست، هدف مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی تجمع زیستی فلزات سنگین جیوه، روی و نیکل در بافت‌های نرم (عضله و هپاتوپانکراس) خرچنگ شناگر آبی (Portunus segnis) در سواحل مکران (بریس، پزم و تیس) بود. هجده نمونه خرچنگ و 9 نمونه رسوب سطحی در زمستان 1399 جمعآوری و غلظت فلزات جیوه، روی و نیکل در بافت‌های هپاتوپانکراس و عضله خرچنگ و رسوبات مناطق نمونه‌برداری توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی اندازه‌گیری شد. در هر سه ایستگاه، غلظت فلز روی در هپاتوپانکراس بیش از عضله بود و اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری بین تمام ایستگاه‌ها وجود داشت (05/0p < ). میانگین کلی تجمع فلزات جیوه، روی و نیکل بر حسب میلی‌گرم/کیلوگرم در هپاتوپانکراس به ترتیب، 7/0 ± 85/0، 41/101 ± 81/240 و 58/33 ± 24/69؛ در عضله 04/0 ± 37/0، 02/14 ± 45/78 و 12/9 ± 01/33 و در رسوب 6/0 ± 96/0، 45/14 ± 4/26 و 21/6 ± 49/21 بود. الگوی تجمع فلزات سنگین در بافت و رسوب به صورت جیوه< نیکل< روی به دست آمد. مقایسه غلظت فلزات در عضله خرچنگ شناگر آبی منطقه مورد مطالعه با استانداردهای بین‌المللی UK MAFF)، FDA، NHMRC،WHO و (FAO نشان داد که غلظت جیوه، پایین‌تر از استاندارد NHMRC و نزدیک به سایر استانداردها، غلظت روی در مقایسه با فقط بعضی از استانداردها بالاتر از حد مجاز بوده و غلظت نیکل نیز کمتر از حد مجاز اعلام شده توسط FDA بود. بنابراین، مصرف گوشت خرچنگ مورد مطالعه از نظر جیوه و به ویژه، روی ممکن است برای سلامتی مضر باشد. مقایسه میانگین غلظت فلزات سنگین در رسوبات نمونه‌برداری شده از ایستگاه‌ها با استانداردهای کیفیت رسوب، نشان از پایین بودن غلظت روی و نیکل و جیوه داشت.
The aim of the present study, considering the increasing level of heavy metal pollution and their impact on the environment, was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals mercury, zinc and nickel in soft tissues (muscle and hepatopancreas) of the blue swimming crab (Portunus segnis) on the coasts of Makoran (Bris, Pesem and Tis). 18 crab samples and 9 surface sediment samples were collected in the winter of 2019 and the concentrations of mercury, zinc and nickel in the hepatopancreas and muscle tissues of the crab and sediments of the sampling areas were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. In all three stations, the concentration of zinc in the hepatopancreas was higher than in the muscle and there was a statistically significant difference between all stations (p < 0.05). The overall average accumulation of mercury, zinc and nickel metals in mg/kg in hepatopancreas was 0.85 ± 0.7, 240.81 ± 101.41 and 69.24 ± 33.58 in muscle 0.37 ± 0.04, 78.45 ± 14.02 and 33.01 ± 9.12 and in sediment 0.96 ± 0.6, 26.4 ± 14.45 and 21.49 ± 6.21. The pattern of heavy metal accumulation in tissue and sediment was obtained as mercury < nickel < zinc. Comparison of metal concentrations in the muscle of the blue-swimming crab of the study area with international standards (UK MAFF, FDA, NHMRC, WHO and FAO) showed that the mercury concentration was lower than the NHMRC standard and close to other standards, the zinc concentration was higher than the permissible limit compared to only some standards, and the nickel concentration was lower than the permissible limit announced by the FDA. Therefore, the consumption of the studied crab meat in terms of mercury and especially zinc may be harmful to health. Comparison of the average concentration of heavy metals in sediments sampled from the stations with sediment quality standards showed low concentrations of zinc, nickel and mercury.
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