تاثیر مصرف عصاره ماریتیغال (Silybum marianum) در خلال تمرینات هوازی بر برخی شاخص های اندوتلیال عروقی در زنان سندرم متابولیک
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری
الهام صادقی فر
1
,
عبدالعلی بنائی فر
2
*
,
وحید ایمانی پور
3
,
سجاد ارشدی
4
1 - گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد پرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پرند، ایران
4 - گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: نیتریک اکساید, ذرات کوچک اندوتلیال, ورزش هوازی, عصاره خارمريم, سندرم متابولیک,
چکیده مقاله :
چاقی و بیماری‌های وابسته با ناهنجاریهای قلبی-عروقی همراهند. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین اثر تمرینات هوازی و عصاره خارمريم بر سطوح سرمی نیتریک اکساید (NO) و ذرات کوچک اندوتلیال (EMPs) در زنان چاق دارای سندرم متابولیک انجام گرفت. در این مطالعه نیمه تجربی، 48 زن چاق دارای سندرم متابولیک در دامنه سنی 40-30 سال به شیوه تصادفی به گروه‌های کنترل (بدون مداخله)؛ عصاره خارمريم (روزانه 1000 گرم)؛ ورزش (تمرین هوازی/یک روز در میان) و گروه ترکیبی (تمرین هوازی + عصاره خار مريم) تقسیم شدند. اجرای تمرینات هوازی و مصرف خارمريم، 8 هفته به طول انجامید. سطوح ناشتایی NO وEMPs و شاخص های آنتروپومتریکی در شرایط قبل و بعد از مداخله در همه گروه‌ها اندازهگیری شد. برای مقایسه داده‌ها از آزمون آماری آنکوا استفاده شد (05/0 > p). در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، نیتریک اکساید سرم در گروه ورزش و ترکیبی به میزان معنی‌داری افزایش پیدا کرد (001/0< p). در گروه ترکیبی،NO وEMPs سرم به میزان معنی‌داری نسبت به سایر گروه‌ها به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش یافتند. مصرف عصاره خارمريم در طول تمرینات هوازی با اثرات قلبی-عروقی و اندوتلیالی بیشتری نسبت به اعمال هر یک از آنها به تنهایی همراه است. شناخت مکانیسمهای اصلی این تغییرات مستلزم مطالعات بیشتر در این زمینه است.
Obesity and related diseases are associated with cardiovascular. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of aerobic exercise and milk Thistle extract on serum nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial microparticles (EMPs) in obese women with metabolic syndrome. In this quasi-experimental research, 48 obese women with metabolic syndrome, aged 35-40 years, were randomly divided into control (no intervention); milk thistle extract (280 mg /daily); exercise (aerobic exercise /every other day) and combined group (aerobic exercise + Milk thistle). Aerobic exercise and milk Thistle intake lasted for 8 weeks. Fasting NO and EMPs levels and anthropometric indices were measured before and after the intervention in all groups. Data were compared by ANCOVA between groups (p < 0.05). Compared to control group, serum NO significantly increased in the exercise and combined groups (p < 0.001). In combined group, serum NO and EMPs were significantly increased and decreased respectively in compared to other groups. The consumption of milk thistle extract during aerobic exercise is associated with more cardiovascular and endothelial effects than the application of each of them alone. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these changes requires further studies in this field.
.
1. Alberti K.G., Zimmet P., Shaw J. 2005. The metabolic syndrome a new worldwide definition. Lancet (London, England), 366(9491), 1059–1062
2. Fatahi A., Doosti-Irani A., & Cheraghi Z. 2020. Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International journal of preventive medicine, 11, 64.
3. Arraud N., Linares R., Tan S., Gounou C., Pasquet J.M., Mornet S., & Brisson A.R. 2014. Extracellular vesicles from blood plasma: determination of their morphology, size, phenotype and concentration. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis: JTH, 12(5), 614–627.
4. Bauer V., & Sotníková R. 2010. Nitric oxide--the endothelium-derived relaxing factor and its role in endothelial functions. General physiology and biophysics, 29(4), 319–340.
5. Berezin A., Zulli A., Kerrigan S., Petrovic D., & Kruzliak P. 2015. Predictive role of circulating endothelial-derived microparticles in cardiovascular diseases. Clinical biochemistry, 48(9), 562–568.
6. Chaar V., Romana M., Tripette J., Broquere C., Huisse M G., Hue O., Hardy-Dessources M.D., & Connes P. 2011. Effect of strenuous physical exercise on circulating cell-derived microparticles. Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation, 47(1), 15–25.
7. Curtis A.M., Wilkinson P.F., Gui M., Gales T.L., Hu E., & Edelberg J.M. 2009. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase targets the production of proinflammatory endothelial microparticles. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis: JTH, 7(4), 701–709.
8. Farahati S., Atarzadeh Hosseini S.R., Bijeh N., Mahjoob O. 2014. The effect of aerobic exercising on plasma nitric oxide level and vessel endothelium function in postmenopausal women. RJMS, 20 (115):78-88.
9. Feairheller D.L., Diaz K.M., Kashem M.A., Thakkar S.R., Veerabhadrappa P., Sturgeon K. M., Ling, C., Williamson, S. T., Kretzschmar, J., Lee, H., Grimm, H., Babbitt, D. M., Vin,C., Fan X., Crabbe D.L., & Brown M.D. 2014. Effects of moderate aerobic exercise training on vascular health and blood pressure in African Americans. Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 16(7), 504–510.
10. Ghardashi Afousi A, Gaeini A, Gholami Borujeni B. The effect of aerobic interval training on endothelial vasculature function in type 2 diabetes patient. IJRN. 2016; 2 (3):27-39.
11. Green, D. J., Maiorana, A., O'Driscoll, G., & Taylor, R. 2004. Effect of exercise training on endothelium-derived nitric oxide function in humans. The Journal of physiology, 561(Pt 1), 1–25.
12. Hale Z., Tunalı T., Erkanlı G.Y., üksel M., Ercan F., Şener G. Silymarin, the antioxidant component of Silybum marianum, protects against burninduced oxidative skin injury. Burns. 2007; 33(7): 908-16.
13. Higashi Y., Yoshizumi M. 2004. Exercise and endothelial function: Role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide and oxidative stress in healthy subjects and hypertensive patients. Pharmacol Ther, 102:87-96.
14. Horstman, L. L., Jy, W., Jimenez, J. J., & Ahn, Y. S. 2004. Endothelial microparticles as markers of endothelial dysfunction. Frontiers in bioscience: a journal and virtual library, 9, 1118–1135.
15. Jansen, F., Yang, X., Franklin, B. S., Hoelscher, M., Schmitz, T., Bedorf, J., Nickenig, G., & Werner, N. 2013. High glucose condition increases NADPH oxidase activity in endothelial microparticles that promote vascular inflammation. Cardiovascular research, 98(1), 94–106.
16. Jenkins, N. T., Landers, R. Q., Thakkar, S. R., Fan, X., Brown, M. D., Prior, S. J., Spangenburg, E. E., & Hagberg, J. M. 2011. Prior endurance exercise prevents postprandial lipaemia-induced increases in reactive oxygen species in circulating CD31+ cells. The Journal of physiology, 589(Pt 22), 5539–5553.
17. Lloyd, P. G., Prior, B. M., Yang, H. T., & Terjung, R. L. 2003. Angiogenic growth factor expression in rat skeletal muscle in response to exercise training. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 284(5), H1668–H1678.
18. Loyer, X., Vion, A. C., Tedgui, A., & Boulanger, C. M. 2014. Microvesicles as cell-cell messengers in cardiovascular diseases. Circulation research, 114(2), 345–353.
19. Mause, S. F., & Weber, C. 2010. Microparticles: protagonists of a novel communication network for intercellular information exchange. Circulation research, 107(9), 1047–1057.
20. Mohammadi, S., Lotfi, K., Mirzaei, S. 2022Dietary total antioxidant capacity in relation to metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents. Nutr J, 21(1):54.
21. Naseri Rad, R., & Eizadi, M. 2020. Regular Exercise Training as a Principal Non-Pharmacological Method Affects Serum Leptin and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Metabolic Syndrome. Archives of Medical Laboratory Sciences, 6(1), 1–8 (e1).
22. Owens, A. P., 3rd, & Mackman, N. 2011. Microparticles in hemostasis and thrombosis. Circulation research, 108(10), 1284–1297.
23. Padervand S., Hassani A., Kalaliyan Moghadam H., Donyai A. The effect of silymarin supplementation and endurance training on the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, in sedentary men. Journal of Knowledge & Health. 2014; 9(2):1-6.
24. Parhofer K. G. 2015. Increasing HDL-cholesterol and prevention of atherosclerosis: A critical perspective. Atherosclerosis. Supplements, 18, 109–111.
25. Rautou, P. E., Leroyer, A. S., Ramkhelawon, B., Devue, C., Duflaut, D., Vion, A. C., Nalbone, G., Castier, Y., Leseche, G., Lehoux, S., Tedgui, A., & Boulanger, C. M. 2011. Microparticles from human atherosclerotic plaques promote endothelial ICAM-1-dependent monocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. Circulation research, 108(3), 335–343.
26. Reaven G. M. 1988. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes, 37(12), 1595–1607.
27. Scharnagl, H., Kleber, M. E., Genser, B., Kickmaier, S., Renner, W., Weihrauch, G., Grammer, T., Rossmann, C., Winkelmann, B. R., Boehm, B. O., Sattler, W., März, W., & Malle, E. 2014. Association of myeloperoxidase with total and cardiovascular mortality in individuals undergoing coronary angiography--the LURIC study. International journal of cardiology, 174(1), 96–105.
28. Shekarchizadeh, P., Khazaei, M., Gharakhanlou, R., Karimian, J., & Safarzadeh, A. R. 2012. The Effects of Resistance Training on Plasma Angiogenic Factors in Normal Rats. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 30(176): 65-73.
29. Shirali, S., Barari, A. R., & Hosseini, S. A. 2016. The Effects of Endurance Training and Administration of Silymarin Supplementation on Oxidative Enzyme of SOD and Heat Shock Proteins 70 in Plasma of Unathletes Men Students. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal, 14(6), 703-712.
30. Sossdorf, M., Otto, G. P., Claus, R. A., Gabriel, H. H., & Lösche, W. 2011. Cell-derived microparticles promote coagulation after moderate exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 43(7), 1169–1176.
31. Soto, C., Recoba, R., Barrón, H., Alvarez, C., & Favari, L. 2003. Silymarin increases antioxidant enzymes in alloxan-induced diabetes in rat pancreas. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology: CBP, 136(3), 205–212.
32. Tyldum, G. A., Schjerve, I. E., Tjønna, A. E., Kirkeby-Garstad, I., Stølen, T. O., Richardson, R. S., & Wisløff, U. 2009. Endothelial dysfunction induced by post-prandial lipemia: complete protection afforded by high-intensity aerobic interval exercise. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53(2), 200–206.
33. Valeh, S., Banaeifar, A., Arshadi, S., & Shahedi, V. 2023. The Effect of Selen plus Supplementation during Aerobic Training on Nitric Oxide and Myeloperoxidase in Women with Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health, 11(2), 124-133.
34. Xu Q. 2002. Role of heat shock proteins in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 22:1547-59.
35. Yong, P.J., Koh, C. H., & Shim, W.S. 2013. Endothelial microparticles: missing link in endothelial dysfunction? European journal of preventive cardiology, 20(3), 496–512.
36. Zaros, P. R., Pires, C. E., Bacci, M., Jr, Moraes, C., & Zanesco, A. 2009. Effect of 6-months of physical exercise on the nitrate/nitrite levels in hypertensive postmenopausal women. BMC women's health, 9, 17.