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کد مقاله : ASCIJ-2301-1458 (R1) بازدید : 434 صفحه: 1 - 23

10.22034/ascij.2023.1978217.1458

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

مروری بر تحلیل بیولوژیک نظریه تکاملی داروین بر منشاء پیدایش حیات سلولی در زمین

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری

نعیمه شیبائی 1

1 - گروه کشاورزی، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/06/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/10/18 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/06/01

کلید واژه: تکامل داروین, پیدایش اولیه سلول, پیدایش حیات, نظریه سلولی, زیست شناسی سلولی,

چکیده مقاله :

نحوه پیدایش زندگی سلولی هنوز نامعلوم است. با توجه به نظریه تکاملی داروین مبنی بر اینکه همه گونه‌های حیات، در اثر فرایند انتخاب طبیعی، از یک نیای مشترک نشات گرفته اند، برخی منشأ حیات را فرآیندی تصادفی فرض کرده اند که طی آن حیات از مواد غیرزنده مانند ترکیبات آلی ساده به وجود آمده است. فرضیه غالب این است که گذار از موجودات غیرزنده به موجودات زنده یک رویداد واحد نبود، بلکه یک فرآیند تکاملی پیچیده ای بوده که پس از شکل گیری زمین بعد از انفجار بزرگ، در اثر تبدیل ملکول های معدنی به ملکول های آلی شروع شده و سپس با ایجاد خود بخودی ملکول های آلی با قابلیت خود همانندسازی، مونتاژ، اتوکاتالیزی و سپس ظهور غشای سلولی، طبیعت توانسته است بهترین ترکیباتی که قابلیت گسترش در زمین را داشته اند انتخاب نموده و بعنوان سلول پروکاریوت و در مراحل بعدی بعنوان اجداد سلول‌های یوکاریوتی برای زندگی در زمین گسترش دهد. در این تحقیق، ابعاد مختلف احتمال پیدایش تصادفی سلول اولیه تشریح شده و چالش های مربوط به آنها از جنبه های مختلف علوم زیست شناسی سلولی و ژنتیک بررسی می شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The origin of cellular life is still unknown. According to Darwin's evolutionary theory that all species of life, due to the process of natural selection, originated from a common ancestor, some have assumed the origin of life to be a random process during which life evolved from non-living materials such as simple organic compounds to has come into existence. The prevailing hypothesis is that the transition from non-living organisms to living organisms was not a single event, but a complex evolutionary process that began after the formation of the Earth after the Big Bang, as a result of the transformation of inorganic molecules into organic molecules. And then with the spontaneous creation of organic molecules with the ability of self-replication, assembly, autocatalysis and then the emergence of cell membrane, nature has been able to choose the best compounds that have the ability to expand on earth and become prokaryotic cells and in the later stages as The ancestors of eukaryotic cells expanded to live on earth. In this research, the different dimensions of the probability of the random emergence of the primary cell are explained and the challenges related to them are examined from different aspects of the sciences of cell biology and genetics.

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