اثر افزودن آنزیم‌های فیتاز و پروتئاز به جیره‌های دارای کنجاله کنجد بر قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی، ویژگی‌های استخوان، ایمنی و فراسنجه‌های خونی در جوجه‌های گوشتی

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری

حسام‌الدین فرخی ¹ , روح اله عبداله پور ² , وحید رضائی پور ³

1 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قائم‌شهر، قائم‌شهر، ایران
2 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قائم‌شهر، قائم‌شهر، ایران
3 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد قائم‌شهر، قائم‌شهر، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/05/04 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/06/28 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/03/01

کلید واژه: جوجه گوشتی, قابلیت هضم, آنزیم, فیتاز, کنجاله کنجد, پروتئاز,

چکیده مقاله :

در این پژوهش تاثیر آنزیم‌های فیتاز و پروتئاز در جیره‌های حاوی ۱۵ درصد کنجاله کنجد بر قابلیت هضم پروتئین، فسفر و کلسیم، ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی استخوان، ایمنی و فراسنجه‌های خونی در جوجه‌های گوشتی بررسی شد. آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تیمار خوراکی با شش تکرار انجام شد که در آن ۳۰۰ جوجه گوشتی نر یک‌روزه راس 308 به مدت شش هفته پرورش یافتند. تیمارهای خوراکی شامل ۱- جیره پایه ذرت و کنجاله سویا (شاهد منفی)، ۲- جیره دارای ۱۵ درصد کنجاله کنجد (شاهد مثبت)، ۳- جیره دوم به اضافه آنزیم فیتاز، ۴- جیره دوم به اضافه آنزیم پروتئاز و 5- جیره دوم به اضافه آنزیم‌های فیتاز و پروتئاز بود. نتایج نشان داد قابلیت هضم ایلئومی پروتئین در تیمارهای حاوی آنزیم بالاتر بود (05/0 > p). قابلیت هضم کلسیم و فسفر نیز در تیمار حاوی هر دو آنزیم فیتاز و پروتئاز بالاتر بود (05/0 >p ). تیمارهای آزمایشی فاقد تاثیر معنی‌دار بر ویسکوزیته نمونه ایلئومی دستگاه گوارش بودند (05/0 <p ). تیمار دارای هر دو آنزیم فیتاز و پروتئاز مقاومت استخوان در برابر شکستگی را افزایش داد، همچنین تیمارهای حاوی آنزیم فیتاز (با یا بدون پروتئاز) غلظت فسفر و کلسیم استخوان را افزایش دادند (05/0 >p ). وزن نسبی اندام‌های بورس و طحال تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت (05/0 < p). غلظت کلسترول خون جوجه‌های گروه دریافت‌کننده هر دو آنزیم فیتاز و پروتئاز پایین‌تر از سایر گروه‌ها بود (05/0 > p)، غلظت تری‌گلیسرید در گروه‌های دریافت‌کننده آنزیم فیتاز (با یا بدون پروتئاز) پایین‌تر از سایر گروه‌ها بود (05/0 > p). کمترین غلظت پروتئین تام در تیمار دارای آنزیم پروتئاز مشاهده شد (05/0 > p). غلظت کلسیم خون در تیمارهای خوراکی دارای آنزیم بالاتر بود (05/0 > p). افزودن آنزیم‌های فیتاز و پروتئاز به جیره جوجه‌های گوشتی که حاوی ۱۵ درصد کنجاله کنجد بود، اثرات مفیدی بر قابلیت هضم پروتئین، فسفر و کلسیم، مقاومت استخوان، و برخی فراسنجه‌های خونی داشت.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemented phytase and protease enzymes in diets containing 15% of sesame meal on digestibility, bone physicochemical properties, immunity and blood parameters in broiler chicken. An experiment was performed in a completely randomized design using five dietary treatments with six replicates in which 300 one-day-old Ross 308 commercial broiler chicks were reared for 6 weeks. Dietary treatments were 1) corn-soybean meal based diet (negative control) 2) a corn-soybean meal diet including 15% sesame meal (positive control), 3) positive control diet supplemented with phytase, 4) positive control diet supplemented with protease and 5) positive control diet supplemented with both phytase and protease enzymes. The results indicated that ileal digestibility for crude protein was increased in chicks treated with enzymes (p < 0.05). The ileal digestibility for calcium and phosphorus were higher in chicks fed both phytase and protease (p < 0.05). Experimental treatments had no significant effects on the viscosity of gastrointestinal ileal digesta (p > 0.05). Tibial bone breaking strength in chicks treated with both enzymes increased (p < 0.05), also treatments containing phytase (with or without protease) led to more bone calcium and phosphorus (p < 0.05). Experimental treatments had no significant effect on bursa and spleen weights (p < 0.05). Blood cholestrol concentration in chicks treated with both enzymes were decreased (p < 0.05). Phytase (with or without protease) in diet, decreased blood triglyceride concentration (p < 0.05). Lower total protein was in chicks fed protease (p < 0.05). Blood calcium concentration in chicks fed enzymes were higher (p < 0.05). Supplementing broiler chicken diets with phytase and protease containing 15% sesame meal, had beneficial effects on protein, calcium and phosphorus digestibility, bone resistance, and some blood parameters. .

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