حافظۀ سیّال: مطالعه نقش مواد فرهنگی به‌عنوان ابزار یادآور
محورهای موضوعی : باستان‌شناسی
مریم فارسی
1
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,
جواد حسین زاده ساداتی
2
1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد باستان‌شناسی
2 - استادیار، گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.
کلید واژه: باستان‌شناسی شناختی (ادراکی) تطوری, مواد فرهنگی (فرهنگ مادی), حافظۀ در حرکت, شناخت توسعه‌یافته, نظریه تعامل مادی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقاله‌ی حاضر به مطالعه نقش فرهنگ مادی در شکل‌گیری و تداوم حافظه‌ی انسانی، که به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین فرآیندهای شناختی، نقشی حیاتی در تداوم تجربیات و رفتارهای انسانی ایفا می‌کند، در محیط پیرامون می‌پردازد. با تأکید بر تعاملات پیچیده میان انسان و اشیاء به‌عنوان عاملی مؤثر در شکل‌گیری و تقویت حافظه، این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که اشیاء تنها ابزارهایی برای خوانش فرهنگ و رفتار گذشته نیستند، بلکه نقش فعالی در شکل‌گیری حافظه و شناخت انسان دارند. مقاله با استفاده از نظریات باستان‌شناسی شناختی (ادراکی) تطوری، روان‌شناسی تکاملی و فلسفه، به اهمیت این موضوع به‌عنوان شکافی در گفتمان تحلیل‌های باستان‌شناسی انسان‌شناختی می‌پردازد که مواد فرهنگی نه تنها حاوی معانی ضمنی و نمادین نیستند و انسان گذشته نیز با هدف انتقال مفهوم آن را خلق نکرده، بلکه فرهنگ مادی به‌عنوان یک ابزار جهت یادآوری عمل کرده، خاطرات و حافظه گذشته را بهیاد می‌آورد، و فعالیت‌ها را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. همچنین، این مطالعه به‌ویژه در بافت باستان‌شناختی به تحلیل تعاملات میان انسان، اشیاء و حافظه می‌پردازد و نشان می‌دهد که ذهن انسان موجودیتی سیال است که از طریق ارتباط با بدن و محیط پیرامون شکل می‌گیرد. هدف مطالعه مروری حاضر تحلیل نقش اشیاء و مواد فرهنگی در شکل‌گیری حافظه است. این پژوهش به سؤالاتی نظیر چگونگی عمل کردن فرهنگ مادی به‌عنوان یادآور حافظه و تأثیر آن بر فرآیندهای شناختی انسان در بافت باستان‌شناسی پاسخ می‌دهد. این تحقیق با استفاده از روش‌های مروری سیستماتیک و توصیفی در پی درک عمیق‌تری از تأثیر اشیاء مادی بر حافظه و شناخت انسان است.
This paper explores the role of material culture in shaping and sustaining human memory, a vital cognitive process essential for the continuity of human experiences and behaviors. Emphasizing the complex interactions between humans and objects, the study demonstrates that objects are not merely tools for interpreting past culture and behavior but actively contribute to the formation of human memory and cognition. Drawing on cognitive evolutionary archaeology, evolutionary psychology, and philosophy, the paper addresses a gap in the discourse of archaeological anthropology. It challenges the view that cultural materials are solely imbued with symbolic meanings, created to convey messages to past humans. Instead, it suggests that material culture functions as a mnemonic device, helping recall past memories and influencing human actions. The study posits that the human mind is a fluid entity, shaped through interactions with the body and the environment. Objects, in this view, act as extensions of the body, transforming perception and interaction with the world. The paper aims to provide a systematic review of existing research on the role of objects and cultural materials in memory formation and continuity. It seeks to answer key questions: How does material culture act as a memory trigger? What theories explain the relationship between memory and objects? How do objects influence human cognition, particularly in archaeological contexts? Through a systematic analysis, this review seeks to deepen our understanding of how material culture impacts memory and cognitive processes.
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